Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing,Ministry of Education,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China
The multiverse architecture is an abstract structure designed for blockchain systems for decentralized financial application scenarios. Although the architecture has good scalability and adaptability, the existing threshold signature schemes are difficult to meet both privacy and accountability requirements under this architecture. For this reason, a threshold signature scheme with privacy and liability in the multiverse is proposed. Based on the application scenario of multiverse, this scheme proposes a set of generalized threshold signature system models, designs a privacy-enhancing mechanism that embeds non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs into the signature generation process, ensures that the correctness of the signature is decoupled from the privacy of the identity, is able to avoid disclosing the identity of the signing party during the signature collection process. Moreover, through the “combiner-tracker” two-layer role authority mechanism, in dispute or audit scenarios can identify the real signing party through the tracking key, so as to realize the controllable traceability of malicious behaviors. The the instantiation and experimental evaluation based on the BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) signature algorithm validates the advantages of the scheme in terms of privacy, accountability, forgery resistance, and operational efficiency, good practicality and promotion potential.
2022年,Boneh等[6]提出的隐私性和责任性的阈值签名(Threshold Signatures with Private Accountability,TAPS)首次实现了两者的结合。2023年,Baird等[7]引入了多重宇宙阈值签名(Multiverse Threshold Signatures,MTS)的新概念,在这一框架下,验证者可以随时定义一个包含系统中各方的任意子集的新宇宙,多重宇宙是所有此类(可能重叠的)宇宙的集合,它们可能具有不同的安全阈值。尽管多重宇宙的场景设计与DeFi系统的需求相对契合,但在隐私性和责任性兼备方面仍显不足[4,7]。
因此,本文在多重宇宙背景下设计了一种基于BLS(Boneh⁃Lynn⁃Shacham)签名的阈值签名方案,即多重宇宙中具有隐私和责任的阈值签名(Threshold Signatures with Privacy and Accountability in the Multiverse,MTAPS)方案,该方案实现了隐私性与责任性的统一,完全适用于DeFi系统。本文主要贡献包括:
BONEHD, LYNNB, SHACHAMH. Short signatures from the Weil pairing[M]//Advances in Cryptology — ASIACRYPT 2001. Berlin: Springer, 2001: 514-532. DOI:10.1007/3-540-45682-1_30 .
XUS J, ZHANGC Y, WANGL H, et al. Blockchain-based cross-data center anonymous and verifiable identity authentication scheme[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2024, 10(2): 47-58. DOI: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2024031(Ch ).
HUR L, DINGA B, YUB Q. Blockchain consensus algorithm based on threshold signature[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2022, 39(12): 3555-3561. DOI: 10.19734/j.issn.1001-3695.2022.04.0219(Ch ).
[6]
LIUB W, SZALACHOWSKIP, ZHOUJ Y. A first look into DeFi oracles[C]//2021 IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS). New York: IEEE Press, 2021: 39-48. DOI:10.1109/DAPPS52256.2021.00010 .
[7]
ELLISS, JUELSA, NAZAROVS. Chainlink: A decentralized oracle network[EB/OL]. [2017-03-11].
[8]
BONEHD, KOMLOC. Threshold signatures with private accountability[M]//Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 2022. Cham: Springer Nature, 2022: 551-581. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-15985-5_19 .
[9]
BAIRDL, GARGS, JAINA, et al. Threshold signatures in the multiverse[C]//2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). New York: IEEE Press, 2023: 1454-1470. DOI:10.1109/SP46215.2023.10179436 .
[10]
BELLAREM, ROGAWAYP. Introduction to modern cryptography[EB/OL]. [2024-03-20]. DOI: 10.1007/11535218_32 .
[11]
GJØSTEENK, JAGERT. Practical and tightly-secure digital signatures and authenticated key exchange[M]//Advances in Cryptology — CRYPTO 2018. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018: 95-125. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-96881-0_4 .
[12]
BONEHD, GENTRYC, LYNNB, et al. Aggregate and verifiably encrypted signatures from bilinear maps[M]//Advances in Cryptology — EUROCRYPT 2003. Berlin: Springer, 2003: 416-432. DOI:10.1007/3-540-39200-9_26 .