通过氢气泡模板电沉积法,在泡沫镍(NF)原位制备了具有多孔结构的双金属材料Ag-Bi y /NF,研究了Ag-Bi y /NF对溴乙酸脱溴的电催化性能。当沉积时间为6 min、沉积电压为10 V、电沉积液中Ag+与Bi3+的质量比为1∶1时,制备的材料Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6表现出优异的电催化性能:在电流密度20 mA/cm2,经过4.5 h的反应,对25 mmol/L溴乙酸的降解率达到100%,且在8次循环实验中性能稳定;对于浓度高达133 mmol/L的溴乙酸,也能在12 h内完全降解,且pH值适应范围宽。该催化剂具有良好的工业应用前景。
Abstract
Bimetallic electrocatalysts Ag-Bi y /NF with porous structure were prepared in situ by the electrodeposition with hydrogen bubble as the template. The electrocatalytic activity of Ag-Bi y /NF on the debromination of bromoacetic acid was studied. When the deposition time was 6 min, the deposition voltage was 10 V, and the mass ratio of Ag+ to Bi3+ in the electrodeposition liquid was 1∶1, the prepared material exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance: It was found that the degradation rate of 25 mmol/L bromoacetic acid at Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6 at 20 mA/cm2 was up to 100% after a 4.5-hour degradation experiment, and Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6 presented a stable dehalogenation performance in 8 cycles, indicating that the catalyst had an excellent electrocatalytic activity. Especially, for bromoacetic acid with a concentration of up to 133 mmol/L, Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6 also could completely remove bromine within 12 hours, and can be used in a wide range of pH, demonstrating a good industrial application prospect.
基于以上分析,本文采用氢气泡模板电沉积法在泡沫镍(NF)上原位制备了具有多孔结构的Ag-Bi y /NF双金属电催化剂,并以溴乙酸(monobromoacetic acid,MBAA)的电化学脱溴为研究体系,探讨了沉积时间、沉积电压和电沉积液中金属离子摩尔比等制备条件对Ag-Bi y /NF电催化性能的影响。
图2(a)为Ag/NF-10-6、Bi/NF-10-6和Ag-Bi y /NF-10-6的XRD 图。Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6的谱图中,27.2°、38.0°、39.6°、46.7°、64.7°处衍射峰分别对应于单质 Bi的(012)(104)(110)(021)(122)晶面(PDF#44-1246),39.8°处衍射峰对应于单质 Ag的(111)晶面(PDF#87-0719)。值得注意的是,44.6°处衍射峰既可能对应Ag的(200)晶面,也可能对应合金 Ag3Bi的(012)晶面(PDF#51-1148)。比较3个Ag-Bi y /NF-10-6样品谱图,可以看到,随着Bi3+含量的增加,44.6°衍射峰相对于其他Ag衍射峰的强度比值显著增加,说明该衍射峰主要归属于合金Ag3Bi的(012)晶面,表明共沉积过程中发生了Ag和Bi的合金化反应。另外,Ag-Bi y /NF-10-6谱图中出现的Bi2O2.3(PDF#76-2477)和Bi2O3(PDF#50-1088)衍射峰,是由于Bi暴露于空气中被氧化而产生。上述结果表明,通过简单的一步电沉积法,可以成功地在NF上原位负载Bi、Ag和Ag3Bi。
图3(a)为Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6的高分辨TEM图,其晶格条纹分别对应Ag3Bi(012)晶面、Bi(104)晶面和Ag(111)晶面,进一步说明材料中Bi、Ag和Ag3Bi共存。图3(b)的能量色散X射线能谱(EDX)显示 Ag和Bi元素在Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6中分布均匀。比较图3(c)(d)(e)SEM图发现,Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6结合了Bi/NF-10-6和Ag/NF-10-6的形貌,在Bi形成的枝晶上附着花状纳米颗粒。这是因为电解液中金属离子的浓度高于极限电流密度所需浓度,沉积速度快,易形成树枝状形貌[20]。而且,电沉积的电压(10 V)远大于电解水所需电压,产生了大量的氢气,也促进了Ag-Bi y /NF-U-t多孔结构的形成,电压的大小影响氢气泡的产生速率及体积大小,从而对催化剂的多孔结构产生影响。另外,ICP-OES测试结果(表1)表明,Ag-Bi y /NF-10-6中的Bi含量均高于电沉积液中的Bi含量(20 mmol/L),说明Bi比Ag更容易沉积,因此形成了枝晶状Bi支撑的纳米花状电催化剂。
本工作采用氢气泡模板电沉积法制备了双金属电催化剂Ag-Bi y /NF。其中,Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6的优异性能主要源于两个方面:1)独特的形貌增加了电化学活性面积,使活性位点充分暴露;2)Ag原子和Bi原子间的强电子效应有利于反应物的稳定吸附。与单金属电催化剂Ag/NF和Bi/NF相比,Ag-Bi1/NF-10-6电催化剂具有更好的电催化活性和循环稳定性,具有8次循环脱卤性能无衰减、高浓度溴乙酸12 h内完全脱卤和宽pH范围适应性等优势,具有良好的工业应用前景。
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