Submarine cables serve as critical new energy transmission infrastructure connecting land and sea, and the electromagnetic radiation generated during their operation exerts significant impacts on the marine ecological environment. To address this issue, this study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software and finite element simulation to conduct an in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic field distribution patterns in high-voltage alternating current submarine cables. Simulation accuracy is enhanced through refined mesh division and optimization of material parameters, while a 2D axisymmetric model is constructed to simplify calculations. The results demonstrate that: the surface potential of the cable exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity, with the electric field intensity reaching 9.02×106 V/m on the inner side of the insulation layer and a local minimum of 0 V/m in the core region, reflecting the localized characteristics of strong electric field sources; the magnetic field is distributed in concentric circles centered on the cable core, with the central magnetic flux density significantly higher than that in the peripheral areas, showing a gradient decay with increasing distance; the ferromagnetic properties of the armor layer cause magnetic field distortion, and the phase differences of a three-phase current further exacerbate the spatial non-uniformity of the magnetic field.
电磁场在电缆结构中的传播遵循Maxwell方程组与介质本构关系。结合海底电缆50 Hz工频运行特性,由于满足ωε≪σ(其中,ω为角频率,ε为介质介电常数,σ为介质电导率),介质的传导电流密度远大于位移电流密度,故采用准静态场假设简化分析。引入矢量磁位 A (满足 B =∇× A,其中 B 为磁感应强度矢量)和标量电位φ,将场方程转化为适用于数值计算的标量形式:
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