Most of the existing charging methods primarily focus on charging speed and charging safety, ignoring the economic loss of the user during the charging process. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a fast-charging strategy that takes into account battery degradation and time-of-use electricity price. The time-of-use electricity price serves as an input parameter; the battery degradation and power loss are converted into charging economic loss, which is optimized by using the reinforcement learning algorithm and the electrochemical-thermal-aging coupling model. The results show that the proposed method can adaptively adjust the charging rate according to the time-of-use electricity price. Given the same charging speed, this method reduces economic loss by 20.9% compared with the constant-current and constant-voltage charging method and 15.3% compared with the multi-stage constant current charging method. Under the same physical constraints, this method is 21.1% faster than the pulse charging method and 9.9% faster than the constant current constant voltage method, optimizing both charging cost and charging speed.
现有充电方法包括恒流恒压充电[6](constant-current and constant-voltage,CC-CV)及其改进方法,如多阶段恒流充电(multi-stage constant current charging,MCC)[7-8]、升压充电[9]、脉冲充电[10-11]等。Kumar等[12]采用灰色关联分析和田口实验法优化MCC充电方法,获得更高的充电效率和更低的温升。Attia等[13]基于机器学习算法提出一种优化的四阶段MCC充电方法开发了具有早期结果预测功能的闭环优化系统。该系统仅使用前100个生命周期数据即可预测电池寿命终止次数,使循环测试时间减少80%~90%。Sirisukprasert等[14]采用自适应控制方法对电池实施脉冲充电,通过优化占空比与频率,使充电效率提升6%,充电速度提高约17%。但这类充电方法不能精准控制充电过程中电池各物理参数的变化,且缺乏有效的闭环反馈机制应对外部环境和工况的波动[15-17],无法实现最优的综合性能。
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