The performance of power batteries declines significantly in low-temperature environments, which not only reduces the driving range but also severely impacts the battery’s service life. A low-temperature preheating method for power batteries based on waste heat recovery using Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is proposed. By dynamically adjusting the drive voltage of the MOSFET, internal heating is achieved through controlling the discharge of the battery pack, and external heating is applied to batteries through air convection, realizing combined internal-external low-temperature preheating of the battery pack. Simultaneously, an electrothermal coupling model is established, and a subtraction-average-based optimizer is used to optimize the low-temperature preheating strategy. An experimental platform for low-temperature preheating of a 12-cell lithium-ion battery pack is set up for experimental verification. The results show that the scheme takes only 124 s to heat the battery from -20 °C to 0 °C, with a temperature rise rate of 9.68 °C/min. Compared to the non-optimized scheme, the time is reduced by 10.8%, and the energy loss is reduced by 10.3%, achieving a comprehensive optimal of heating time and energy loss.
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