To address the stable control problem of the output voltage in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), a model predictive control (MPC) method based on a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed. A model is established according to the thermoelectric mechanism of SOFC, and its rationality is verified through steady-state and dynamic performance analysis. An MPC controller incorporating dynamic compensation terms is designed on the basis of the model, where a state prediction compensation and a control weight self-adjustment mechanism are introduced to enhance the dynamic response performance of SOFC. Experimental results show that, compared with the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) method, the proposed MPC method reduces the voltage stabilization time by 76.0% and 86.7% respectively under two typical operating conditions: reference voltage tracking and load current disturbance. Meanwhile, the overshoot is decreased by 0.02 V and 0.25 V respectively, demonstrating superior dynamic tracking and anti-disturbance performance.
式中: Q 为SOFC模型输出权重矩阵; S 为控制权重矩阵;ε为松弛因子;为松弛权重;r为期望输出信号;y为SOFC输出信号;Δu为控制信号增量;k为当前时刻,l为时间增量;Np表示预测时域,Nc表示控制时域(一般Nc≤Np)。接着,引入基于状态反馈的补偿项。该补偿项具备时变特性,可实现反馈补偿的自调节:
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