The reaction mechanism of the scavenging of hydroxyl radical(·OH) by methyl gallate(MG) in physiological environment (aqueous phase at 310.15 K and 1.013×105 Pa) was investigated by using the density functional theory methods M06-2X and MN15 in combination with the SMD model of the self-consistent reaction field theory at the two levels of SMD/MN15/6-311++G(4df,3pd)//SMD/M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p). There are three reaction channels for MG scavenging ·OH: H extracting by ·OH, addition of ·OH to unsaturated C, and single electron transfer from MG to ·OH. The calculations show that in the extraction channel, the reaction of ·OH extracting hydroxyl H is the most advantageous, which is a barrier-free and significantly exothermic process; the reaction of ·OH extracting methyl H is a subdominant reaction, which is an exothermic process with a free energy barrier of 37.8 to 41.2 kJ/mol. In the addition reaction channel, the addition of ·OH with unsaturated C is an exothermic process with a free energy barrier of 0.3 to 47.3 kJ/mol; the single-electron transfer from MG to ·OH is a slightly endothermic process with a free energy barrier of 42.1 kJ/mol. The results indicate that MG can eliminate ·OH radicals through three pathways: extraction H, addition, and electron transfer, and MG can be a good scavenger for ·OH radicals.
PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZA, REBOLLAR-ZEPEDAA M, LEÓN-CARMONAJ R, et al. Reactivity indexes and O-H bond dissociation energies of a large series of polyphenols: Implications for their free radical scavenging activity[J]. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 2017, 56(3): 241-249. DOI:10.29356/jmcs.v56i3.285 .
ZHAOJ, LIY Q, WANGF Q, et al. Study of 6 flavonoids compounds for the scavenging superoxide anion free radical ability and the structure-activity relationships[J]. China Medical Herald, 2014, 11(29): 7-10 (Ch).
[4]
DE ZWARTL L, MEERMANJ H N, COMMANDEURJ N M, et al. Biomarkers of free radical damage: Applications in experimental animals and in humans[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1999, 26(1/2): 202-226. DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00196-8 .
LIB, HUANGX K, LIS H, et al. Quantum chemistry study on the reaction mechanism of hydroxyl free radical with amphoteric Lys molecule in water-liquid phase environment[J]. Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science), 2023, 62(2): 263-272. DOI: 10.15943/j.cnki.fdxb-jns.2023.02.006(Ch ).
YANGY, JIANGC X, ZHANGX J, et al. Density functional theory study of hydroxyl radical induced histidine molecular damage in water-liquid phase[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2023, 56(4): 92-100 (Ch).
[13]
GORBL, LESZCZYNSKIJ. Intramolecular proton transfer in mono- and dihydrated tautomers of guanine: An ab initio post hartree-Fock study[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1998, 120(20): 5024-5032. DOI:10.1021/ja972017w .
ZHANGX J, YANGY, YANGW F, et al. Density functional theory of reaction between edaravone and superoxide anion free radical in aqueous liquid phase[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition), 2023, 61(6): 1489-1500. DOI: 10.13413/j.cnki.jdxblxb.2023307(Ch ).
SUNW, JIANGC X, LIANGQ Q, et al. The DFT study on the reaction of edaravone with hydrogen peroxide radical in aqueous solution[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2023, 56(6): 94-104 (Ch).
WANGL, YANGW F, YANGY, et al. The density functional theory study on the reaction of edaravone scavenging hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 582-593. DOI: 10.16357/j.cnki.issn1000-5862.2023.06.05(Ch ).
SUX F, YANGY, YANGQ H, et al. The DFT study on the reaction of vitamin C with hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(2): 147-157. DOI: 10.16357/j.cnki.issn1000-5862.2024.02.05(Ch ).
WANGZ C, ZHAOY, YANGJ, et al. The density functional theory study of reaction between thalidomide and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous liquid phase[J]. Journal of Jiangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(1): 58-72. DOI: 10.16357/j.cnki.issn1000-5862.2025.01.08(Ch ).
[24]
林炳旺. α-联苯双酯的合成及工艺改进[D]. 青岛: 青岛科技大学, 2009.
[25]
LINB W. Synthesis and process improvement of α-biphenyl diester[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 2009(Ch).
[26]
ANZOISEM L, BASSOA R, DEL MAUROJ S, et al. Potential usefulness of methyl gallate in the treatment of experimental colitis[J]. Inflammopharmacology, 2018, 26(3): 839-849. DOI:10.1007/s10787-017-0412-6 .
[27]
BIRHANUB T, PARKN H, LEES J, et al. Inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival via treatment with methyl gallate alone and in combination with marbofloxacin[J]. Veterinary Research, 2018, 49(1): 101. DOI:10.1186/s13567-018-0597-8 .
[28]
FARHOOSHR, NYSTRÖML. Antioxidant potency of Gallic acid, methyl gallate and their combinations in sunflower oil triacylglycerols at high temperature[J]. Food Chemistry, 2018, 244: 29-35. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.025 .
[29]
WANGY, VERMAP, ZHANGL J, et al. M06-SX screened-exchange density functional for chemistry and solid-state physics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(5): 2294-2301. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1913699117 .
[30]
GARRETTB C, TRUHLARD G. Criterion of minimum state density in the transition state theory of bimolecular reactions[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1979, 70(4): 1593-1598. DOI:10.1063/1.437698 .
[31]
HRATCHIANH P, SCHLEGELH B. Using hessian updating to increase the efficiency of a Hessian based predictor-corrector reaction path following method[J]. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, 2005, 1(1): 61-69. DOI:10.1021/ct0499783 .
[32]
YUH S, HEX, LIS L, et al. MN15: A Kohn-Sham global-hybrid exchange-correlation density functional with broad accuracy for multi-reference and single-reference systems and noncovalent interactions[J]. Chemical Science, 2016, 7(8): 5032-5051. DOI:10.1039/c6sc00705h .
[33]
MARENICHA V, CRAMERC J, TRUHLARD G. Universal solvation model based on solute electron density and on a continuum model of the solvent defined by the bulk dielectric constant and atomic surface tensions[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2009, 113(18): 6378-6396. DOI:10.1021/jp810292n .
[34]
MARCUSR A. Transfer reactions in chemistry: Theory and experiment[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1997, 69(1): 13-30. DOI:10.1351/pac199769010013 .
[35]
MARCUSR A. Electron transfer reactions in chemistry: Theory and experiment[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1993, 65(3): 599-610. DOI:10.1103/revmodphys.65.599 .