1.School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China
2.No. 208 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Team of Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration,Chongqing 400700,China
3.The Three Gorges Reservoir Area Unstable Rock Geological Disasters Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Water Resources,Chongqing 400700,China
4.China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China
The slope rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area continuously deteriorates under water-rock interaction, which significantly increases the risk of failure for rock slopes. Taking the Bijiashan unstable rock mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the research object, to comprehensively evaluate the stability of the unstable rock mass and study its evolution mechanism, a detailed geological survey was conducted in the target region. Stability evaluation and collapse process simulation for a typical unstable rock unit were performed using finite element software and PFC (Particle Flow Code). The main findings were as follows: 1) the Bijiashan unstable rock mass comprised 159 individual units distributed across 10 steep cliff zones, with a total volume of about 213.55×104 m3; 2) for the typical WD6-6 section, the FOS (Factor of Safety) was 1.475 under natural conditions and decreased to 1.325 under rainstorm conditions, indicating that rainfall infiltration significantly weakened the overall stability of unstable rock mass. The deformation, stress, and strain distributions remained largely consistent under both conditions; 3) during the collapse process of WD6-6 unstable rock mass, internal cracks progressively developed and connected, the rock mass’s center of gravity shifted toward the free surface, and the base showed a tendency toward buckling failure.
数值模拟计算可以有效模拟库区危岩体的复杂赋存条件,是分析危岩体稳定性的重要手段之一。数值模拟计算主要包括两种方法:一是连续介质分析方法,具体包括有限单元法、有限差分法和边界元法[15-16];二是将岩体视为不连续介质的离散元法[17]。这两种方法被广泛用于危岩体破坏过程和失稳机理的研究。郑安兴等[18]使用扩展有限元法实现了对危岩主控结构面水力劈裂作用的数值模拟,发现裂隙水压力的上升是导致危岩体稳定性降低的原因。胡雷等[19]基于强度折减法,考虑岩体劣化作用,使用数值计算对黄岩窝危岩体的长期稳定性进行分析。陈小婷等[20]考虑到库水位变动对危岩体基岩的劣化作用,使用UDEC(Universal Distinct Element Code)对冠木岭危岩体进行了10个水位周期下的数值分析。孔祥曌等[21]基于MatDEM离散元软件实现了对甑子岩危岩体崩塌全过程的模拟,并验证了模型的有效性,分析了崩塌过程等效粒径演化和颗粒破碎规律。目前尚未有学者针对笔架山危岩体开展稳定性计算和崩塌滑坡过程数值模拟分析。
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