基于可解释机器学习的螺栓抗剪连接件承载力预测模型
Prediction Model for the Bearing Capacity of Bolted Shear Connectors Based on Interpretable Machine Learning
准确预测螺栓抗剪连接件的抗剪承载力对可拆卸再利用钢-混凝土组合梁的设计和应用具有重大意义。本文通过参考公开文献资源,构建了一个包含200组螺栓抗剪连接件抗剪承载力推出试验结果的数据库。在数据处理阶段,研究采用可解释机器学习方法,对数据库的异常样本进行了精准识别,深入分析了数据间的相关性。在模型构建过程中,选择推出试验试件的混凝土强度、弹性模量、螺栓抗拉强度、螺栓屈服强度、螺栓直径、预埋长度等核心指标,并基于四种先进的机器学习算法,通过超参数调节方法,构建了螺栓抗剪连接件抗剪承载力的预测模型。经过对比得到最佳的机器学习模型,其在测试集上的可决系数达到0.987,显著超越了现有经验模型。为进一步提升预测模型的可信度与透明度,研究采用可加性解释的SHAP方法,对最佳机器学习模型的预测结果进行了分析,揭示了模型预测的内在逻辑与依据。此外,本研究创新性提出一种基于符号回归和遗传算法、满足量纲平衡的公式生成方法,通过该方法拟合出了螺栓抗剪连接件抗剪承载力预测公式。该公式具有较高的预测精度,在测试集上的可决系数达到0.899,且能够清晰揭示螺栓抗剪连接件关键特征与抗剪承载力之间的显性映射关系,为实际应用提供了有力支持。
Accurate prediction of the shear capacity of bolted shear connectors has significant importance for the design and application of reusable steel-concrete composite beams. This study constructed a database containing 200 sets of experimental results from push-out tests on the shear capacity of bolted shear connectors, through the mining of openly accessible literature resources. During the data processing stage, the study employed interpretable machine learning methods to precisely identify abnormal samples and thoroughly analyze the correlations within the dataset. In the process of model development, key features such as concrete strength, elastic modulus, bolt tensile strength, bolt yield strength, bolt diameter, and embedded length of the push-out test specimens were selected. Based on four advanced machine learning algorithms and a semi-empirical hyperparameter tuning approach, a prediction model for shear capacity was established. After comparison, the optimal machine learning model was identified, achieving a determination coefficient of 0.987 on the test set, significantly surpassing existing empirical models. To further enhance the credibility and transparency of the prediction model, the study employed the additive explanation method of SHAP to interpret the predictions of the optimal machine learning model, revealing the inherent logic and basis of the model's predictions. Additionally, this study innovatively proposed a method for generating dimensionally balanced formulas based on symbolic regression and genetic algorithms. Through this method, a prediction formula for the shear capacity of bolted shear connectors was fitted. This formula exhibits high prediction accuracy, achieving a determination coefficient of 0.899 on the test set, and clearly reveals the explicit mapping relationship between the key features of bolted shear connectors and their shear capacity, providing strong support for practical applications.
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国家自然科学基金(52238012)
国家自然科学基金(51508381)
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