Q355B钢对接接头气孔缺陷对疲劳寿命影响的试验研究与数值模拟
熊海江 , 赵东拂 , 刘育民 , 郝佩远 , 张菊
建筑钢结构进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12) : 62 -69.
Q355B钢对接接头气孔缺陷对疲劳寿命影响的试验研究与数值模拟
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Porosity Defects on Fatigue Life of Q355B Steel Butt Joints
焊接过程常伴随着气孔、夹渣、咬边等缺陷的产生,这些缺陷在疲劳荷载作用下容易导致疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展。基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS结合断裂力学分析软件FRANC3D,本文建立了含气孔缺陷的对接接头有限元模型,并在应力集中最大值处植入裂纹,依据断裂力学M积分对含裂纹的模型进行数值模拟,得到了不同初始裂纹长度和焊缝宽度下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子。分析结果显示:裂纹尖端的应力强度因子对初始裂纹长度变化敏感,随初始裂纹长度增加而增加,而裂纹两端的应力强度因子则呈相反趋势;增加焊缝宽度可以显著降低应力强度因子,随着焊缝宽度的增加,应力强度因子的降低趋势逐渐变缓。在此基础上,采用断裂力学Paris公式建立了含气孔缺陷对接接头疲劳寿命预测模型,通过试验验证了该模型的准确性,结果显示:除个别试件外,模型预测结果与试验结果误差低于20%,该模型可以较为准确地预测含气孔缺陷对接接头的疲劳寿命。
The welding process is often accompanied by the generation of defects such as porosity, slag inclusion, undercut, which can easily lead to the generation and expansion of fatigue cracks under fatigue loading. Using finite element software ABAQUS combined with fracture mechanics analysis software FRANC3D, a finite element model of the butt weld joint with porosity defects was established, and a crack was introduced at the location of maximum stress concentration. The numerical simulation of the cracked model was carried out based on the M-integral of fracture mechanics, and the stress intensity factors at the crack tip were obtained under different initial crack lengths and weld widths. The analysis results show that the stress intensity factor at the crack tip is sensitive to the change of the initial crack length and increases with the increase of the length, while the stress intensity factor at the two ends of the crack shows the opposite trend. The increase of the weld width can significantly reduce the stress intensity factor, and this trend gradually slows down with the increase of the weld width. On this basis, the fatigue life prediction model of butt joints with porosity defects was established by using the fracture mechanics Paris formula. The accuracy of the model was verified through the test, and the results showed that, except for some specimens, the error between the predicted and test results was less than 20%. The fatigue life of the butt joints with porosity defects could be predicted accurately.
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