高强钢高强度螺栓摩擦型连接预紧力松弛试验研究
Experimental Study on Preload Loss of High-Strength Steel Slip-Resistant Bolted Connections
预紧力大小是影响高强度螺栓摩擦型连接承载性能的关键因素之一,而高强度螺栓的预紧力会随时间增加逐渐衰减。为研究钢材强度等级、螺栓等级、孔型与表面处理方式对高强钢高强度螺栓摩擦型连接预紧力松弛的影响以及探究高强度螺栓长时间下的松弛率,文中进行了55组单栓预紧力松弛试验,分别监测了高强度螺栓紧固后24 h内或100 h内的预紧力松弛演化过程。试验结果表明:接触面采用涂层处理会增大高强钢高强度螺栓摩擦型连接的预紧力松弛率,当涂层过厚时,螺栓紧固后24 h内松弛率最大可达10%以上;高强度螺栓等级与钢材强度对该螺栓摩擦型连接的预紧力松弛率没有显著影响;在连接板上扩孔会略微增大其预紧力松弛率。随后,基于现有模型,结合24 h预紧力松弛监测数据对高强度螺栓50年后的预紧力松弛率开展了预测,结果表明:未涂层试件的松弛率最大不超过3.8%,电弧热喷铝涂层试件的松弛率为8.30%,无机富锌涂层试件的松弛率为9.40%,电弧热喷锌铝合金涂层试件的松弛率为12.52%;除电弧热喷锌铝合金涂层外,其他表面处理方式下的高强度螺栓预紧力松弛率均在10%以下。
Preload is one of the key factors influencing the resistance of slip-resistant high-strength bolted connections, as the preload tends to decrease over time. To investigate the influence of steel grade, high-strength bolt grade, hole type and surface treatment on the loss of preload loss rate in the high strength steel slip-resistant bolted connections and the preload loss rate of high-strength bolts over a long time, 55 single-bolt preload loss tests were conducted, and the preload loss of high-strength bolts within 24 h or 100 h after tightening was monitored. Test results indicate that the coatings lead to an increased loss rate of preload and the 24-hour preload loss rate could exceed 10% with excessively thick coatings. The steel grades and the grades of high-strength bolts, however, have a minor impact on the preload loss rate. The use of oversized hole and slotted hole in the connecting plates could slightly increase the preload loss rate. Subsequently, predictions of the loss of preload in high-strength bolts over 50 years were made on the basis of existing model and 24-hour measured data. Results show that the preload loss rate in uncoated specimens is no more than 3.8%, while the preload loss rate in the arc spray aluminium coated, inorganic Zn-rich coated and arc spray Zn-Al alloy coated specimens are 8.30%, 9.40% and 12.52%, respectively. Except for the arc spray Zn-Al alloy coated specimens, the preload loss rate in specimens with all the other surface treatments is less than 10%.
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3806603)
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