基于两相流模型的大跨屋面风吹雪数值模拟分析
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Snowdrift on Large-Span Roofs Based on a Two-Phase Flow Model
风吹雪引起的积雪不均匀分布是大跨屋面雪灾下破坏的主要原因之一,现有规范中未考虑风速、风向对屋面雪荷载分布的影响,本文基于两相流模型,对某大型体育场屋面风致雪漂移进行数值模拟,研究不同风速、风向下屋面积雪的不均匀分布情况,讨论屋面形状对积雪分布的影响。结果表明:风速不变时,位于屋面背风侧的雪颗粒发生沉积,侧风面的雪颗粒被侵蚀;低风速下,屋面积雪分布趋于均匀,受来流风向影响较小;高风速时,屋面积雪不均匀分布明显,在不同风向下,同一区域可能处于完全侵蚀或积雪沉积两种不同状态;随风速增大,屋面积雪侵蚀面积增大,相比日平均风速,50年重现期风速作用下屋面积雪总量减少1/3,但局部最不利雪压增大两倍以上。大跨屋面的雪荷载分布受风速、风向影响较大,结构设计时有必要综合考虑不同风速、风向对雪荷载的影响。
Unbalanced snow loads caused by snowdrift are one of the main reasons for damage to large-span roofs under snow events. Existing codes do not consider the effect of wind speed and direction on snow load distribution on roofs. In this study, numerical simulations of snowdrift on a large stadium roof were conducted based on a two-phase flow model. The uneven distribution of roof snow under different wind speeds and directions was investigated, and the influence of roof shape was discussed. The results show that when the wind speed is constant, snow particles located on the leeward side of the roof tend to deposit, and snow particles on the sidewind side tend to erode. At low wind speeds, the distribution of snow on the roof tends to be uniform and less affected by wind direction. At high wind speeds, the uneven distribution of snow on the roof is obvious, and in different wind directions, the snow particles in the same area may be in two states: complete erosion or deposition. As wind speed increases, the area of snow erosion increases. Compared with the snowpack under the daily average wind speed, the snowpack under the 50-year return period wind speed is reduced by 1/3 and the most unfavorable snow pressure is more than twice as large. The snow load distribution of large-span roofs is greatly affected by wind speed and direction, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider their impact on snow loads during structural design.
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