考虑节点位移偏差的自由曲面网壳结构形态优化方法研究
Research on Shape Optimization Method of Free-Form Surface Reticulated Shells Considering Nodal Displacement Variance
自由曲面网壳结构凭借造型丰富灵动、跨越能力强等优势,被广泛应用在大跨度公共建筑中。然而,其曲面形态的复杂多变和结构刚度分布的不均匀会对结构稳定性能与极限承载力产生不利影响,使其难以满足大跨度空间结构对受力性能及安全储备的设计要求。为提升自由曲面网壳结构的整体刚度,从而提高结构稳定性能与极限承载力,本文以节点位移方差作为结构整体刚度的衡量参数,并将其最小化作为结构性能的优化目标,采用NURBS曲面上控制点的竖向坐标值为优化变量,基于遗传算法对结构形态进行优化设计。结果表明:以节点位移方差作为结构性能的优化目标可得到满足要求的自由曲面网壳结构形态,与以应变能作为优化目标的结果相比,以节点位移方差为目标获得的结构形态具有更高的极限承载力,且在优化过程中结构的前三阶固有频率稳步提高,有效提升了结构的整体性能。
Free-form reticulated shell structures are widely used in large-span public buildings due to their rich and flexible shapes and strong spanning capabilities. However, their complex and variable surface geometries, coupled with uneven distribution of structural stiffness, adversely affect structural stability and ultimate load-bearing capacity, making it difficult for them to meet the design requirements for mechanical properties and safety margins in large-span spatial structures. In order to improve the overall stiffness of free-form reticulated shell structure, thereby improving the structural stability and ultimate bearing capacity, this study adopted the nodal displacement variance as the evaluation metric of the overall stiffness of the structure, and minimized it as the objective of structural performance optimization. The vertical coordinate values of control points on the NURBS surface were selected as optimization variables, and the structural shape was optimized based on a genetic algorithm. The results show that by using the nodal displacement variance as the optimization objective of the structural performance, a free-form reticulated shell structural shape that meets the requirements can be obtained. Compared with the strain energy-based optimization results, the structural form obtained using nodal displacement variance as the objective exhibits higher bearing capacity, and the first three natural frequencies of the structure increases steadily during the optimization process, which can effectively improve the overall performance of the structure.
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国家自然科学基金(52368018)
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