海上光伏阵列风压系数的试验研究
Experimental Study on Wind Pressure Coefficients of Offshore Photovoltaic Arrays
为给固定式海上光伏结构的抗风设计提供参考,文中通过风洞试验测得光伏阵列模块表面的风压系数,并结合数值模拟方法得到了光伏模块周围的流场分布。依托试验数据,分析了典型风向角下模块表面的风压系数分布特征与光伏阵列间的遮挡效应,总结了典型测点风压系数随风向角的变化规律。结果表明:当来流方向正对光伏模块的最高或最低边缘时,阵列迎风端模块的风荷载偏大、梯度变化显著;沿来流方向各列光伏模块的体型系数绝对值呈逐渐减小的趋势,迎风第2排光伏模块受前排模块遮挡效应作用最显著;不同风向角工况下,阵列中轴线附近测点的风压系数基本呈对称变化;受边缘效应影响,阵列侧边端部测点的风压系数数值更大,且随风向角波动更剧烈。
In order to provide a reference for the wind-resistant design of fixed offshore photovoltaic structures, wind pressure coefficients of photovoltaic array module surfaces were determined through wind tunnel tests, and the flow field around photovoltaic modules was obtained through numerical simulation. Based on the test data, the distribution characteristics of the wind pressure coefficients of the module surfaces and the shielding effects between arrays were analyzed, and the variation in the wind pressure coefficients at typical measurement points with wind direction angle was summarized. The results show that when the incoming flow is directed toward the highest or lowest edge of the photovoltaic module, the wind load on the surface of the module at the windward end of the array is large and exhibits a pronounced gradient. The absolute values of the shape coefficients of each column of photovoltaic modules show a gradually decreasing trend along the direction of incoming flow, and the second windward row is most significantly affected by the shielding effect from the front row. At different wind direction angles, the wind pressure coefficients at measurement points near the central axis of the array exhibit approximately symmetric variations. Owing to edge effects, the wind pressure coefficients at measurement points of the array edge are larger and varied more sharply with the wind direction angle.
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