基于激光扫描的轻型模块柱初始缺陷分析及轴压稳定性能研究
余玉洁 , 陈思凡 , 王霄翔 , 张艺川 , 蒋丽忠 , 杨志刚 , 白金州
建筑钢结构进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (03) : 124 -134.
基于激光扫描的轻型模块柱初始缺陷分析及轴压稳定性能研究
Initial Imperfection and Axial Compression Stability of Lightweight Modular Columns Based on Laser Scanning
轻型模块化钢结构建筑常采用非对称冷弯薄壁型钢柱构件,其轴压承载性能易受初始几何缺陷影响。文中针对轻型模块化钢结构建筑中常见的非对称冷弯薄壁单柱,以及实际工程中端部通过螺栓紧固拼合的长肢、短肢组合柱,开展了足尺轴压试验与初始几何缺陷影响效应研究。试验前采用三维激光扫描技术,对模块柱安装前后的几何形貌进行高精度测量,以提取初始缺陷特征并获取模块柱几何高程偏差。应用并验证了基于扫描点云模型向有限元模型转化的逆向重构法,实现了构件实际初始缺陷的精准导入;同时提出了基于扫描偏差的改进模态法,与传统模态法展开对比分析,研究初始缺陷的模态与幅值对轻型模块柱轴压失效模态及承载力发展趋势的影响机制。结果表明:冷弯薄壁开口型模块柱的初始缺陷主要分为三类,实际安装边界条件下,模块柱的轴压失效模式主要为长肢板件发生压弯变形,进而引发整体构件的弯扭失稳。对比分析证实,逆向重构建模方法能有效预测模块柱的失效模式与承载力水平,且改进模态法相较于传统模态法具有更高的承载力预测精度。
Lightweight modular steel structures commonly use asymmetric cold-formed thin-walled steel columns, of which the axial compression bearing performance is significantly influenced by initial geometric imperfections. In this paper, full-scale axial compression tests are conducted on commonly used asymmetric cold-formed thin-walled single columns in lightweight modular steel structures, as well as on assembled columns combining long-limb and short-limb sections with practical end bolted connections, and the influence of initial geometric imperfection is also analyzed. Before testing, high-precision 3D laser scanning technology was utilized to measure the geometric morphology of modular columns before and after installation, to extract initial imperfection characteristics and obtain geometric elevation deviations. Reverse reconstruction modeling, which transforms scanned point cloud models into finite element models, was applied to introduce actual initial imperfections. An improved modal method was also proposed, and the results were compared with models using traditional imperfection involvement method. The results indicate that the initial imperfections of open-section cold-formed thin-walled modular columns can be categorized into three distinct types. The axial compression failure modes under practical installation boundary primarily involve global flexural-torsional buckling triggered by bending deformation of the long-limb plates. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the reverse reconstruction modeling method effectively predicts both the failure modes and bearing capacity of modular columns. Furthermore, the improved modal method exhibits higher accuracy in bearing capacity prediction compared to traditional approaches.
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国家自然科学基金(52278231)
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ40270)
湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3038)
湖南省科技创新计划(2022RC1185)
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