拉枝对玉露香梨枝条生长及果实糖含量和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响
余小梅 , 高鑫珂 , 王江川 , 杨盛
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (04) : 92 -99.
拉枝对玉露香梨枝条生长及果实糖含量和蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响
Effects of branch bending on branch growth,sugar content and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in Yuluxiangli
目的 研究拉枝角度对棚架栽培模式下玉露香梨枝条生长及果实糖代谢与积累的影响,为提高果实品质提供理论依据。 方法 以棚架栽培模式下的玉露香梨为例,对棚架主枝延长枝进行30°,60°,和90°的拉枝处理,以不拉枝为对照,统计坐果率和枝类组成,测量主枝延长枝新梢的长度和粗度及成熟期果实的单果质量、果实纵径和横径,并测定果实糖(可溶性糖、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和山梨醇)含量和蔗糖代谢酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS-Ⅱ)、中性转化酶(NI)和酸性转化酶(AI))活性。 结果 棚架玉露香梨主枝延长头的拉枝角度越大,新梢的生长越缓慢。不同拉枝处理都可以提高棚架玉露香梨的坐果率,且对枝类组成无显著影响,当拉枝角度达到60°时,棚架玉露香梨的坐果率和中、短枝比例增加,长枝比例降低。随着拉枝角度的增大,果实的横纵径先增大后降低;随着果实成熟,果实的横径、纵径和单果质量逐渐增大,在果实成熟时达到最大值。在果实成熟的中后期,所有处理果实的果糖和葡萄糖含量快速增加,果糖含量成为果实中的主要糖;随着果实的成熟,甜度值先增加后降低,在80 d时达到最大值,变化趋势与果糖含量一致。在果实发育前期,酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)活性较弱,随着果实发育其活性逐渐增高。果实发育早期蔗糖合成酶(SS-Ⅱ)活性随果实发育而下降,而后期则随果实发育而逐步增强。蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性随果实发育持续上升。 结论 拉枝60°处理有利于提高棚架栽培玉露香梨的坐果率和树体的中、短枝比例,可以促进叶片的光合效率,更有利于提高果实的糖积累及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性。
Objective The study aimed to analyze the effects of branch bending angle on branch growth and sugar metabolism and accumulation in Yuluxiangli under a trellis cultivation mode,providing a theoretical basis for improving fruit quality. Method Using Yuluxiangli in trellis cultivation mode,branch bending treatments at 30°, 60°,and 90° were applied to the main extension branches of the trellis.Unbent branches served as the control.Fruit setting rate and branch composition were calculated,and length and diameter of the new shoots of the main extension branches,single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruits at maturity were measured.Fruit sugar contents (soluble sugars,fructose,sucrose,glucose,and sorbitol) and activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS),sucrose synthetase (SS-Ⅱ),neutral invertase (NI),and acid invertase (AI)) were quantified. Result The larger the branch bending angles of the main branch of Yuluxiangli in tre-llis cultivation mode,the slower the growth of the new shoot.All branch bending treatments increased fruit setting rate,having no significant effect on the composition of branches.At a 60° bending angle,fruit setting rate and ratios of medium and short branches increased,while ratios of long branches decreased.With the increase of bending angle,the transverse and longitudinal diameters of fruit first increased and then decreased.With fruit ri-pening,the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and single fruit weight gradually increased,reaching the maximum value at maturity.In the middle and later stages of fruit ripening,fructose and glucose contents increased rapidly,with fructose becoming the predominant sugar in fruit.The sweetness index first increased and then decreased,peaking at 80 d,a trend consistent with fructose content dynamics.In early fruit development,acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities remained low,but increased gradually with fruit development.Sucrose synthetase (SS-Ⅱ) activity decreased in early development,but increased during later stages.Sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) activity increased continuously throughout fruit development. Conclusion The 60° branch bending treatment was beneficial to increase the fruit setting rate and ratios of medium and short shoots in trellised Yuluxiangli pear trees.It promoted leaf photosynthetic efficiency,and more effectively enhanced the sugar accumulation and activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in fruits.
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