基于ILP标记的50份云南山茶品种遗传多样性分析
李德琴 , 冯健 , 张顺荣 , 常书奎 , 尹世华 , 黄晓霞 , 俎峰 , 程小毛
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (05) : 42 -51.
基于ILP标记的50份云南山茶品种遗传多样性分析
Genetic diversity analysis of 50 Camellia reticulata varieties based on ILP markers
目的 分析50份云南山茶品种种质的遗传多样性,为山茶种质资源的创新利用和育种进程提供科学依据。 方法 利用筛选出的25对多态性引物,对50份云南山茶品种进行分子标记试验,系统分析了其遗传多样性、亲缘关系、群体结构及主成分。 结果 云南山茶品种共检测到112个等位基因,等位基因数为3~7个,平均为4.48个;有效等位基因数平均为2.44个,观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)的平均值分别为0.72和0.55。Shannon信息指数(I)和Nei基因多样性指数(H)的平均值分别为0.99和0.55,表明云南山茶品种具有较高的遗传多样性。引物的多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.52,其中14对引物的PIC值大于0.5,表明这些引物能够有效反映遗传多样性。基于NTSYSpc-2.1计算的遗传距离显示,50份云南山茶品种的遗传相似系数为0.61~0.92,其中‘香妃’和‘凤山茶’遗传相似度最高,而‘大玛瑙’和‘桃红袍’遗传相似度最低。通过Structure软件分析,50个云南山茶品种在ΔK=2时可分为两组,其中一组包含46个品种。主成分分析进一步表明,50个品种在遗传关系上高度相似,且基本聚在一起。 结论 选用的25对引物能很好地反映云南山茶品种种质的遗传多样性(PIC>0.5);50份云南山茶品种种质群体间高度相似,遗传关系极为紧密。
Objective By analyzing the genetic diversity of germplasm from 50 Camellia reticulata varieties,this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the innovative use of camellia germplasm resources and the advancement of breeding process. Method Molecular marker tests were conducted on 50 Camellia reticulata varieties using 25 pairs of screened polymorphic primers,and their genetic diversity,kinship,population structure and principal components were systematically analyzed. Result A total of 112 alleles were detected in Camellia reticulata varieties,with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 7 and averaging 4.48.The number of effective alleles averaged 2.44,and the mean values of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.72 and 0.55,respectively.The mean values of Shannon polymorphism index (I) and Nei genetic diversity index (H) were 0.99 and 0.55,respectively,indicating high genetic diversity in Camellia reticulata varieties.The average polymorphic information content (PIC) of the primers was 0.52,with 14 pairs of primers having PIC values greater than 0.5,indicating that these primers can effectively reflect genetic diversity.Genetic distances calculated based on NTSYSpc-2.1 showed genetic similarity coefficients of the 50 varieties ranged from 0.61 to 0.92,with ‘Xiangfei’ and ‘Fengshancha’ having the highest genetic similarity,and ‘Damanao’ and ‘Taohongpao’ having the lowest genetic similarity.Based on analysis using Structure software,the 50 Camellia reticulata varieties could be divided into two groups at ΔK=2,with one group containing 46 varieties.Principal component analysis further revealed that the 50 varieties were highly similar in genetic relationship and basically clustered together. Conclusion The 25 selected primer pairs can effectively reflect the genetic diversity of Camellia reticulata germplasm (PIC>0.5).High genetic similarity was observed among the 50 Camellia reticulata germplasm, with exceptionally close genetic relationships.
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云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-280)
云南省农业联合专项面上基金项目(202101BD070001-041)
云南省创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160025)
云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(20205AR070001)
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