Objective This study aimed to induce sex differentiation during the critical developmental period (5-150 days of age) of Takifugu fasciatus using exogenous androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT) to produce pseudo-male fish,and investigate the expression of the sex-reversal-related gene FOXH1. Method A control group (females and males without hormone treatment) and experimental groups treated with 17α-MT at 30 and 60 mg/kg (pseudo-males) were established.The genetic sex of experimental fish was identified using sex-specific molecular markers,and their physiological sex was determined by gonadal histology.Weight gain rate,specific growth rate,and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated,and sperm motility was measured in sexually mature individuals.The full-length FOXH1 gene of T.fasciatus was cloned using RACE technology, and its expression levels were examined in the gonad of juvenile fish and the gonad,brain,liver,gill,heart and kidney of adult fish. Result From 30 to 150 days of age,the experimental groups exhibited significantly lower weight gain and specific growth rates compared with the control,indicating growth inhibition by 17α-MT.At 90 and 150 days of age,GSIs in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control,sugges-ting suppressed gonadal development.Histological analysis showed that gonads of the treated fish developed into testes with observable spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes.In two-and three-year-old pseudo-males,sperm motility was higher than that of control males,with no significant difference between MT30 and MT60 groups.The full-length FOXH1 cDNA of T.fasciatus was 2 823 bp,including a 1 533 bp open reading frame,a 519 bp 5′UTR,and a 771 bp 3′UTR,encoding 510 amino acids.The FOXH1 amino acid sequence of T.fasciatus shared the highest homology with T.rubripes (99.41%).Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the FOXH1 was most closely related to that of T.rubripes,and showed closer relationships to T.flavidus and Monodactylus argenteus. FOXH1 was expressed in all seven tested tissues (testis,ovary,brain,liver,gill,heart,and kidney),with significantly higher expression in the ovary.Its expression in the gonads of pseudo-males was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion 17α-MT can induce masculinization in T.fasciatus,leading to testicular development with functional spermatogenesis,although juvenile growth is suppressed.The significant downregulation of FOXH1 mRNA in the gonads of pseudo-males (P<0.05) suggests that FOXH1 plays an important role in sex reversal in T.fasciatus.
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