青海省设施辣椒根结线虫病分布与病原鉴定
鲍梦楠 , 张宪 , 张忠存 , 闫佳会
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (07) : 121 -130.
青海省设施辣椒根结线虫病分布与病原鉴定
Distribution and pathogen identification of root-knot nematode disease in facility pepper cultivation in Qinghai Province
目的 明确青海省主要农业区设施辣椒根结线虫的分布及其种类,为针对性防治根结线虫病提供依据。 方法 2024年对青海省主要农业区设施辣椒上根结线虫病害的发生情况进行调查。在青海省4市(州)12县(区)的设施辣椒栽培区采集疑似感染根结线虫病的病根328份,带回实验室分离根结线虫,在显微镜下观察和测量根结线虫2龄幼虫及雌虫的体长、体宽、尾长和口针长等形态特征。并采用蛋白酶K法提取其DNA,利用根结线虫rDNA-ITS及28S rDNA引物进行PCR扩增,通过国内常见的4种根结线虫特异性引物(inc-K14-F/R、Far/Rar、Mh-F/R、Fjar/Rjar)进行鉴定。将分离获得的根结线虫悬浮液接种于真叶为6 叶的健康辣椒根部,接种40 d后取辣椒根部进行染色,观察根结线虫的感染性。 结果 调查发现青海省海东市平安区、循化撒拉族自治县及海西蒙古族藏族自治州格尔木市的设施辣椒根结线虫病发生最为严重,病情指数分别为70.00,55.08和67.69,根结线虫检出率分别为75.00%,61.54%和73.08%;青海省西宁市湟中区设施辣椒根结线虫病的病情较为严重,病情指数为41.60,根结线虫检出率为56.00%;黄南藏族自治州尖扎县设施辣椒根结线虫病的病情较轻,病情指数为19.52,根结线虫检出率为38.10%;海东市民和回族土族自治县及互助土族自治县的病情指数分别为8.89和5.38,根结线虫检出率分别为27.78%和19.23%;其余县(区)均未检出根结线虫。对采集的328份疑似根结线虫病样进行检测,共检出阳性样本111份,阳性检出率为33.84%。分离所得根结线虫群体在形态学特征及体测值上均与南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)和花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)一致。利用4种根结线虫SCAR序列特异性引物进行PCR扩增,检出南方根结线虫82份,检出率为25.00%;花生根结线虫34份,检出率为10.37%;病情严重地区存在2种线虫交叉感染现象,12份分子鉴定样本中,南方根结线虫和花生根结线虫复合侵染的占比为33.33%;北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)与爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)均未被检出。 结论 青海省主要农业区设施辣椒已有根结线虫发生,部分地区病情严重,病情指数达到55以上。青海省设施辣椒根结线虫病病原为南方根结线虫和花生根结线虫,且南方根结线虫为该省设施辣椒根结线虫病的病原优势种。
Objective This research aims to investigate the distribution pattern and identify the species of Meloidogyne spp.in the major agricultural regions of Qinghai Province,specifically in pepper crops,to provide a basis for the development of targeted control measures for root-knot nematode diseases in the province. Method In 2024,a survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) disease in facility-grown pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) across major agricultural regions of Qinghai Province,China.A total of 328 suspected infected root samples were collected from pepper production greenhouse in 12 counties/districts across 4 prefecture-level regions.Root-knot nematodes were isolated from di-seased roots,and the morphological characteristics of 2nd-instar larvae and females,including body length,body width,tail length,and stylet length,were examined under a microscope.Genomic DNA was extracted by using the proteinase K method,and PCR amplification was performed with universal primers targeting the rDNA-ITS and 28S rDNA regions,followed by validation using species-specific primers (inc-K14-F/R,Far/Rar,Mh-F/R,and Fjar/Rjar) for four common root-knot nematode species in China.Pathogenicity was confirmed by inocula-ting nematode suspensions onto roots of six-leaf-stage healthy pepper plants,with the infection condition verified through root staining approximately 40 days post-inoculation. Result The highest incidence of root-knot nematode disease in facility-cultivated peppers was recorded in Ping’an district and Xunhua Salar Autonomous county of Haidong city,as well as Golmud city of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,with di-sease index of 70.00,55.08,and 67.69,and root-knot nematode detection rates of 75.00%,61.54%,and 73.08%,respectively.A moderately high disease incidence was observed in Huangzhong district of Xining city,with a disease index of 41.60 and a detection rate of 56.00%.In Jianzha county of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,the disease incidence was relatively low,with a disease index of 19.52 and a detection rate of 38.10%.In Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous county and Huzhu Tu Autonomous county of Haidong city,the di-sease indices were 8.89 and 5.38,with corresponding detection rates of 27.78% and 19.23%,respectively.No root-knot nematode disease was detected in the remaining surveyed regions.Among a total of 328 suspected pepper root samples,111 were tested as positive for root-knot nematodes,resulting in an overall detection rate of 33.84%.The morphological characteristics of the isolated nematodes,including measurements,were consistent with those of M.incognita (southern root-knot nematode) and M.arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode).SCAR-specific primers for root-knot nematodes were used for PCR amplification,and 82 positive samples of M.incognita (detection rate was 25.00%) and 34 positive samples of M.arenaria (detection rate was 10.37%) were identified.Co-infection of both nematode species was observed in regions with severe infection conditions.Among the 12 molecular identification samples,the samples co-infected by M.incognita and M.incognita accounted for 33.33 %.Neither Meloidogyne hapla (northern root-knot nematode) nor Meloidogyne javanica (java root-knot nematode) was detected. Conclusion Root-knot nematodes have been identified in facility vegetable-growing regions of Qinghai Province,with severe infection conditions observed in certain areas,where the disease index exceeds 55.Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that the root-knot nematode disease in facility-grown peppers across Qinghai Province was caused by M.incognita and M.arenaria,with M.incognita identified as the predominant species.
| [1] |
王孟伟,何泽佳,白丽, |
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
张发梅.青海地区辣椒日光温室高产栽培技术[J]. 现代农业,2017(3):12-13. |
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
安丽婷,石明明,倪春辉, |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
徐建华,李红梅,沈培垠, |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
郭衍银,徐坤,王秀峰, |
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
冯辉,赵敏,周冬梅, |
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
顾晓慧,王立浩,毛胜利, |
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
杜宾,李敏,葛坤.山西省主要设施蔬菜根结线虫种类和分布[J].中国植保导刊,2025,45(1):50-55. |
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
郭靖宇,王燕春,徐佳, |
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
宫远福.东北地区根结线虫的种类分布及南方根结线虫氯离子通道基因分析[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2020. |
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
马少军,刘佳伟,金玉华, |
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
旺珍.西藏高原根结线虫的发生与防治[J].西藏农业科技,2021,43(4):58-60. |
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
薛雪.大棚辣椒种植及管理技术要点[J].现代农村科技,2025(4):49. |
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
陈明远,于静湜,韩立红, |
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
陈立杰,魏峰,段玉玺, |
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
刘伟中,王宏宝,毛佳, |
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
刘丽,颜世翠,姚良同, |
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
石明明,李惠霞,刘永刚, |
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
段玉玺.植物线虫学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:95-146. |
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
陈昆圆,文艺,许相奎, |
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
张绍升.植物线虫病害诊断与防治[M].福建:科学技术出版社,1999:84-88. |
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
谢辉.植物线虫分类学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:243-247. |
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
杨艳梅,刘沛,董涵, |
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
魏佩瑶,潘嵩,刘晨, |
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
陈京环,石明明,乔万强, |
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
罗佳,杭晓宁,汝学娟, |
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
赵鸿,彭德良,朱建兰.根结线虫的研究现状[J].植物保护,2003,29(6):6-9. |
| [58] |
|
| [59] |
张锋,张彦龙,洪波, |
| [60] |
|
| [61] |
张丽,郑晨露,王睿文, |
| [62] |
|
| [63] |
蔡毓新,唐艳领,史宣杰, |
| [64] |
|
| [65] |
杨甜,马和芳,王香, |
| [66] |
|
| [67] |
凌文政,曹海潮,余佳敏, |
| [68] |
|
| [69] |
吴蔚然,朱晓峰,王媛媛, |
| [70] |
|
| [71] |
匡超,王舒琪,张敏, |
| [72] |
|
青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY025)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |