Objective The study aimed to systematically study the effects of high-temperature stress on key morphological and physiological indicators of foxtail millet during the germination stage,elucidate the correlation mechanisms between various trait indicators and the heat tolerance of foxtail millet varieties,and establish a scientific evaluation system for high-temperature tolerance during the germination stage of foxtail millet,thereby providing theoretical and technical support for phenotyping,germplasm screening,and genetic analysis of high-temperature tolerance in foxtail millet. Method This study employed 165 foxtail millet germplasm acce-ssions.A high temperature stress environment was simulated using an artificial climate chamber.A high temperature stress group (42 °C) and a normal temperature control group (26 °C) were set up.After 48 hours of continuous stress treatment,ten key physiological indicators were measured,including seedling fresh mass,mesocotyl fresh mass,main root length,relative water content,root shoot ratio,seedling dry mass,mesocotyl length,root fresh weight,root dry mass,and mesocotyl dry mass.The high temperature tolerance coefficient for each indicator was calculated.Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce the dimensiona-lity of the ten individual indicators.Combined with the membership function method,a comprehensive evaluation value (D value) for heat tolerance during the germination stage was obtained.Systematic cluster analysis was then performed based on this value.Finally,a predictive model for high temperature tolerance during the germination stage of foxtail millet was constructed using stepwise regression analysis. Result High temperature stress significantly inhibited the aboveground growth of foxtail millet during the germination stage.Compared with the control group,the seedling fresh mass,seedling dry mass,mesocotyl fresh mass,and mesocotyl length in the high temperature stress treatment group decreased by 37.80%,9.30%,17.86%,and 7.85%,respectively (P<0.05).In contrast,its root development was promoted,with significant increases of 11.80%,5.88%,16.00%,and 28.71% in the main root length,root fresh mass,root dry mass,and root shoot ratio, respectively (P<0.05).Based on principal component analysis (PCA) of the ten individual indicators,four principal components were extracted.The comprehensive evaluation value for heat tolerance (D value) was then calculated using the membership function method.Cluster analysis classified the 165 foxtail millet materials into five categories:highly heat-tolerant (2 accessions),moderately heat-tolerant (8),intermediate heat-tolerant (14),heat-sensitive (90),and highly heat-sensitive (51).Stepwise regression analysis was employed to establish an optimal regression model,which identified six key indicators for evaluating germination stage heat tolerance:fresh root mass,dry root mass,dry mesocotyl mass,seedling dry mass,root shoot ratio,and main root length.Model predictions,validated by field trials,ultimately identified six high temperature tolerant foxtail millet materials:Xingu 4,Zhonggu 25,Zhangzagu 5,Jigu 23,Jigu 42,and 19-5-12 Hui. Conclusion High temperature stress altered the biomass allocation pattern of foxtail millet,prioritizing the allocation of photosynthetic products to the roots to enhance stress resistance and resource acquisition capacity while slowing aboveground growth.Six key indicators,including root fresh mass,root dry mass,mesocotyl dry mass,seedling dry mass,root shoot ratio,and main root length,were selected as effective criteria for evaluating high temperature tolerance in foxtail millet germplasm resources.Based on these indicators,six heat-tolerant germplasm resources were identified,namely:Xingu 4,Zhonggu 25,Zhangzagu 5,Jigu 23,Jigu 42,and 19-5-12 Hui.
谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)属于禾本科一年生作物,原产于中国北方,其驯化与栽培历史可追溯至16 000年前。作为我国传统的粮草兼用作物,谷子主要种植于北方干旱及半干旱地区,具有抗旱性强、耐瘠薄、水分利用效率高以及适应性强等特点[1-2]。在全球变暖持续加剧的背景下,我国极端高温事件日趋频繁[3]。近年来,华北和黄淮海地区5月中旬至6月上旬多次出现阶段性高温天气,部分地区最高气温突破40 ℃[4-5]。此时恰逢谷子播种至出苗的关键生育阶段,持续高温天气会灼伤种子,破坏酶活性,导致种子发芽慢而不齐,甚至失去萌发能力成为哑种;对已发芽的种子易发生烧芽现象,轻者芽鞘尖出现黄斑或畸形芽,重者导致芽鞘尖与根尖枯死,造成死苗[6-7]。因此,挖掘萌发期耐高温谷子种质,对保障华北地区高温季节谷子播种出苗具有重要实践价值。
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