Objective This study aims to investigate the physiological and anatomical traits of six coffee varieties (Coffeaarabica) under drought stress and their relationship with drought resistance,so as to lay a foundation for screening drought-resistant coffee varieties. Method Six-month-old seedlings of six coffee varieties,namely ‘NY002’,‘132’,‘397’,‘036’,‘CC24’ and ‘360’,were used as experimental materials.An artificial potted water control method was adopted,including a control group (soil moisture maintained at around 75%) and a drought stress group (natural drying after watering).Leaf samples were collected at 0,20,30,40 and 50 days of drought stress to determine physiological indices and observe leaf anatomical structure characteristics. Principal component analysis,subordinate function analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate drought resistance of the six coffee varieties. Result ① With prolonged drought stress,relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in the leaves of all varieties showed a gradual increasing trend, with a significant sharp rise after 20 days of stress.② With prolonged drought stress,the activities of catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of each variety initially increased and then decreased.The activities of CAT and POD both reached the peak at 40 days of stress,while the SOD activity peaked at 20 days of stress.③ Leaf anatomical structure indices varied among varieties to different extents.Variety ‘132’ had the largest leaf thickness,spongy tissue thickness and spongy ratio.Variety ‘397’ showed the highest upper epidermis thickness,upper and lower cuticle thickness,palisade tissue thickness and palisade-to-spongy ratio.Variety ‘036’ exhibited the maximum lower epidermis thickness and cell tense ratio.④ The comprehensive drought resistance value D of each variety ranged from 0.481 to 2.066.Drought resistance was divided into four grades: extremely strong (Grade Ⅰ,including varieties ‘397’ (2.066) and ‘036’ (2.043)),strong (Grade Ⅱ,including variety ‘132’ (1.505)),moderate (Grade Ⅲ,including varieties ‘NY002’ (0.993) and ‘CC24’ (0.834)) and the weakest (Grade Ⅳ,including variety ‘360’ (0.481)). Conclusion Drought resistance of coffee is closely related to leaf physiological characteristics and anatomical structures,among which upper epidermis thickness,activities of catalase,palisade tissue thickness and upper cuticle thickness have a relatively close correlation,with their index weights all exceeding 0.170.Variety ‘397’ showed the strongest drought resistance,while variety ‘360’ was the weakest.
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