1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China
2.Key Laboratory of Green and Intelligent Development and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Xinjiang University of;Technology,Hetian,Xinjiang 848000,China
Objective This study aims to explore the effects of combined irrigation levels and frequencies on cotton growth and development,dry matter accumulation,water use efficiency (WUE) and seed cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang,so as to provide references for selecting suitable irrigation regimes for cotton cultivation in this region. Method Taking the major cotton cultivar Hangmian 808 in Nor-thern Xinjiang as the test material,two experimental factors,irrigation level and irrigation frequency,were set up.Four irrigation levels were established:100% ETC (no water deficit,W1,ETC refers to crop evapotranspiration),90% ETC (mild water deficit,W2),80% ETC (moderate water deficit,W3) and 60% ETC (severe water deficit,W4).Meanwhile,four irrigation frequencies were set:irrigation every 2 d (high frequency,D1),every 4 d (medium frequency,D2),every 6 d (appropriate frequency,D3) and every 8 d (low frequency,D4).A total of 16 combined treatments were designed.Indicators including plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index (LAI),dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics,water consumption,WUE,seed cotton yield and its components were determined at different growth stages.Analysis of variance and grey correlation analysis were employed for comprehensive evaluation of various irrigation combinations. Result Under mild water deficit (90% ETC),cotton treated with irrigation every 4 d (D2) exhibited superior overall performance in plant height,stem diameter and LAI.Under moderate (80% ETc) and severe water deficit (60% ETc) conditions, irrigation every 2 d (D1) was more conducive to maintaining normal cotton growth.At the maturity stage,under no water deficit and mild water deficit irrigation,dry matter accumulation of cotton under D2 treatment increased by 9.30%-55.96% compared with other treatments.Under moderate and severe water deficit irrigation,dry matter accumulation under D1 treatment rose by 6.38%-34.58%.With the progression of growth stage,the proportion of dry matter in vegetative organs gradually decreased,while that in reproductive organs increased steadily.Across different treatments,the total water consumption of cotton during the whole growth period ranged from 331.67 mm to 500.23 mm, with water consumption intensity varying from 2.249-3.318 mm/d.Among all combined treatments,W2D2 achieved the highest single boll weight,lint percentage,seed cotton yield and the best WUE,with seed cotton yield reaching 7 144.25 kg/hm2 and WUE reaching 1.56 kg/m3. Grey correlation analysis indicated that W2D2 exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance. Conclusion Under limited water conditions,increasing irrigation frequency properly helps reduce the risk of yield loss.Considering both yield and WUE,the combination of mild deficit irrigation (90% ETC) with irrigation every 4 d is the optimal water-saving and yield-stabilizing irrigation regime for cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang.
然而,现有研究多聚焦于灌溉定额或灌水次数等单一因子的优化,对水分亏缺水平与灌溉频次协同调控效应的系统分析尚显不足。Bai等[12]研究了灌溉定额与氮肥水平组合对棉花产量及纤维质量的影响,但并未见对多亏缺水平与多频次组合条件下棉花茎粗、干物质分配、产量构成及水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、灌溉水分利用效率(irrigration water use efficiency,IWUE)等多指标的综合分析;常玉荣等[13]研究了不同灌溉定额对棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响,表明适度亏缺条件下棉花产量和水分利用效率可以达到最佳平衡,过度灌溉并未显著提高产量,但该研究并未分析灌溉频次对棉花产量的影响。为此,本研究在北疆膜下滴灌棉田设置4个灌溉量与4个灌溉频次的组合试验,系统分析不同灌溉量与灌溉频次对棉花生长发育、干物质积累、水分利用效率及籽棉产量的影响,旨在从“灌溉量×灌溉频次”双因子耦合视角,为选择适用于北疆棉花种植的灌溉模式提供参考。
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