寒冷地区梨品种花期对气候变化的响应及模型预测
赵滢 , 张茂君 , 胡明玥 , 卢明艳 , 闫兴凯 , 武春昊 , 王强
西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2027, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3) : 22 -30.
寒冷地区梨品种花期对气候变化的响应及模型预测
Response to climate change and model prediction for flowering phenology of pear cultivars in cold region
目的 构建抗寒梨品种花期预报模型,为寒冷地区梨树开花期间晚霜气象灾害预测和科学防御提供理论依据。 方法 以公主岭市2011-2020年气象数据和4个抗寒梨品种花期物候资料为基础,利用线性回归、相关性分析和偏最小二乘回归等方法,分析了梨花期物候对气候变化的响应趋势,明确了影响梨花期的主效气象因子,构建了花期预报回归模型。 结果 2011-2020年公主岭地区气候呈暖湿化发展趋势,4个梨品种的始花期和盛花期也随之提前;但末花期只有‘苹果梨’以0.3 d/10 a微弱趋势推迟,其余3个梨品种的末花期均呈提前趋势;反之,花期长度则以1.5~6.7 d /10 a呈延长趋势。梨花期物候与提前3个月(1-3月)和提前1个月(4月)的逐日平均气温及逐日平均最高气温呈显著负相关,而与降水量和日照时数的相关性不显著;提前1个月(4月)的平均日最高气温是影响该地区梨始花期和盛花期的主导气象因子,说明随着此阶段气温的升高,且高于往年时可能加速花期提前。基于主要气象要素的统计模型预报的梨各花期预测日期与实际日期相符率在98.2%~99.0%(P<0.01)。晚霜发生时间以3.1 d/10 a呈波动下降趋势,10年间晚霜霜冻日平均缩短了3 d。2021-2022年统计结果显示,4个梨品种花朵受冻率在14.8%~31.4%。 结论 随着梨品种始花期和盛花期的提前,以及晚霜霜冻日的缩短,导致寒冷地区抗寒梨品种花期霜冻的风险增大。
Objective This study aims to construct a flowering prediction model for cold-resistant pear cultivars,providing a theoretical basis for forecasting and scientifically mitigating late frost damage during flowering in cold regions. Method Based on meteorological records during 2011-2020 and flowering phenology observations of four cold-resistant pear cultivars in Gongzhuling,linear regression,correlation analysis,and partial least squares regression were adopted to analyze the response of pear flowering phenology to climate change,identify the keymeteorological factors affecting flowering,and construct a regression model for flowering prediction. Result The climate in Gongzhuling presented a warming and wetting trend during 2011-2020.For the four pear cultivars,both initial flowering and full bloom dates advanced accordingly.Only the final flowering date of ‘Pingguoli’ was slightly delayed at a rate of 0.3 d/10 a,whereas those of the other three cultivars advanced. On the contrary,flowering duration increased by 1.5-6.7 d/10 a.Pear flowering phenology was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean temperature and maximum temperature in the preceding three months (January-March) and one month (April),but showed no significant correlation with precipitation or sunshine duration.Moreover,the daily mean maximum temperature one month in advance (April) was identified as the dominant meteorological factor affecting the initial and full flowering dates of pears in this region,indicating that higher temperature during this period,especially when exceeding the historical average,is likely to advance flowering.The statistical models based on key meteorological factors predicted pear flowering dates with an accuracy of 98.2%-99.0% (P<0.01). The occurrence of late frost showed a fluctuating decreasing trend at a rate of 3.1 d/10 a,with the average number of late frost days decreasing by 3 days over the decade.Statistical results during 2021-2022 revealed that flower frost rates of the four pear cultivars ranged from 14.8% to 31.4%. Conclusion The advancement of initial flowering and full bloom dates of pear cultivars,coupled with the shortening of late frost days,increased the risk of frost damage during flowering to cold-resistant pear cultivars in cold regions.
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吉林省科技发展计划项目(20250402002ZP)
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