Objective This study aims to propose a new freeze concentration mechanism, providing a re-ference for enhancing concentration performance and efficiency of wine. Method This study froze dilute solutions into solids.By utilizing negative correlation between the melting point of ideal micro-solids and solute concentration,the effects of solid structure and solute distribution within freeze systems on heat and mass transfer were avoided or reduced,and efficient concentration was achieved via melting fractionation.Taking Spine Grape wine with an ethanol volume fraction of 12.0% as the research object,fractionation was implemented via freeze fractionation methods including crushing centrifugation,specific directional heat source installation paired with diversion channels,and external heating combined with diversion channels.Indicators covering melting ratio (Vfn),fraction concentration (Cnn),concentration multiple (Cn),cumulative solute recovery rate (Rn),and process time (Tn) were measured to determine the concentration performance and efficiency of different freeze fractionation methods,and comparisons were made with traditional freeze-thawing method. Result At a melting ratio(Vfn)of 0.1,the ethanol volume fractions of fractions acquired by the three new methods were 42.36%,34.26%, and 34.15%,respectively.These methods achieved corresponding concentration multiples of 3.53,2.86 and 2.85,cumulative solute recovery rates of 35.30%,28.55% and 28.46%,and process times of 0.25,25.60 and 60.80 min respectively.The traditional freeze-thawing method attained an ethanol volume fraction of 20.30%,a concentration multiple of 1.69,a cumulative solute recovery rate of 16.92% and a process time of 251.20 min.Compared to the traditional freeze-thawing method,the new freeze fractionation methods significantly improved the fraction concentration (Cnn),concentration multiple (Cn) and cumulative solute recovery rate (Rn),and markedly reduced the process time in high concetration stage. Conclusion Compared to the traditional freeze-thawing method,the newly developed freeze fractionation methods demonstrated significant improvements in both concentration performance and efficiency.It has great application potential in the wine industry,among which the crushing centrifugation method exhibited the best overall performance.
SunH H, MaH Q, ChenS W.Effect of freeze concentration on the quality of low-sugar grape juice and wine[J].Food Science, 2007(5):86-89.
[9]
YodaT, MiyakiH, SaitoT.Freeze concentrated apple juice maintains its flavor[J].Scientific Reports,2021,11:12679.
[10]
Uald LamkaddamI, VegaE, ColónJ,et al.Progressive freeze concentration of cheese whey for protein and lactose recovery[J].International Dairy Journal,2023,139:105572.
DuX H, GaoL, LiuC,et al.Method and system for treating radioactive waste liquid:CN202211537898.7[P].2024-05- 14.
[30]
BrimblecombeP, CleggS L, DaviesT D,et al.Observations of the preferential loss of major ions from melting snow and laboratory ice[J].Water Research,1987,21(10):1279-1286.
[31]
NakagawaK, NagahamaH, MaebashiS,et al.Usefulness of solute elution from frozen matrix for freeze-concentration technique[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2010,88(5/6):718-724.
[32]
MorenoF L, RaventósM, HernándezE,et al.Block freeze-concentration of coffee extract:Effect of freezing and thawing stages on solute recovery and bioactive compounds[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2014,120:158-166.
[33]
Orellana-PalmaP, PetzoldG, PierrL,et al.Protection of polyphenols in blueberry juice by vacuum-assisted block freeze concentration[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2017,109:1093-1102.
[34]
DantasA, Orellana-PalmaP, KumarD,et al.Block freeze concentration by centrifugation and vacuum increases the content of lactose-free milk macronutrients[J].Journal of Food Science,2022,87(12):5317-5329.
[35]
BredunM A, PrestesA A, PanceriC P,et al.Bioactive compounds recovery by freeze concentration process from winemaking by-product[J].Food Research International,2023,173:113220.
[36]
YeeP L, WakisakaM, ShiraiY,et al.Effects of single food components on freeze concentration by freezing and thawing technique[J].Japan Journal of Food Engineering,2003,4(3):77-83.
[37]
Da Silva HaasI C, De EspindolaJ S, De LizG R,et al.Gravitational assisted three-stage block freeze concentration process for producing enriched concentrated orange juice (Citrus sinensis L.):multi-elemental profiling and polyphenolic bioactives[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2022,315:110802.
MikiK, ArakawaY, InoueI.Cryoconcentration method and freeze concentration apparatus:JP2011-541A[P].2011-01-06.
[40]
HernándezE, SantosA, PazmiñoN,et al.Two strategies for freeze desalination of seawater by progressive and block techniques[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2021,215:1-9.
ChenQ Q, BiJ F, LiuH Y,et al.Method for preparing jujube polysaccharides by freeze-thaw combined with freeze concentration technology:CN202510223324.X[P].2025-07-08.
[43]
Pérez-BermúdezI, Guerra-ValleM, Beldarrain-IznagaT,et al.Ultrasound as a novel separation technique in block freeze concentration applied to peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) infusion[J].Journal of Food Science,2025,90(3):e70157.