Objective The study aims to design an orifice-type intermittent side-deep fertilization device for rice that meets the requirements of precise control,to provide technical support for improving fertilizer utilization and reduce cultivation costs. Method Based on the agronomic requirements for rice side-deep fertilization and the structural constraints of rice transplanters,the key operational and structural parameters of the device were determined.A theoretical analysis of the device’s working process was conducted to identify the main factors influencing discharge performance.To achieve high-precision discharge control,a fuzzy PID control algorithm was developed and verified via MATLAB simulation.Bench tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of travel speed,orifice quantity,and inlet area on the qualification rate of fertilizer placement and the coefficient of variation of discharge.A multi-factor interaction analysis using Design-Expert software was performed to optimize parameter combination. Result Theoretical analysis revealed that the discharge performance was mainly affected by the rotary speed ω of the orifice disk and the radial distance L from the fertilizer particle to the disk center.Simulation results showed that,compared with conventional PID control,the fuzzy PID controller reduced the settling time from 0.287 s to 0.076 s (a 73% improvement),enabling faster system response.The overshoot decreased from 11.64% to 3.86% (a 67% reduction),indicating higher control precision.Bench tests demonstrated that under the optimal combination of a travel speed of 0.44 m/s,an inlet area of 729 mm2, and 6 orifices,the qualified rate of fertilizer placement reached 95.09%,and the coefficient of variation was 8.59%. Conclusion The integration of the proposed orifice-type intermittent side-deep fertilization device with the fuzzy PID control improves the precision and stability of rice fertilization operation,effectively meeting agronomic requirements for intermittent side-deep fertilization in rice.
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