珠江口盆地始新世-渐新世古环境演化及对冰期事件的响应

王月 ,  常晓琳 ,  陈莹 ,  王文楷 ,  刘欣春 ,  钟瀚霆 ,  魏冰 ,  戚晓婧 ,  侯明才

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 570 -583.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 570 -583. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024011903

珠江口盆地始新世-渐新世古环境演化及对冰期事件的响应

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Eocene–Oligocene paleoenvironmental evolution and response to glacial events in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

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摘要

始新世-渐新世气候演化经历了全球性的气温骤降事件(EOGM),并伴随着各类显著的环境变化。烃源岩的形成往往受到古气候条件的限制,探明盆地烃源岩形成与 EOGM 事件的相互关系对于油气勘探工作十分重要。本文以珠江口盆地始新世-渐新世总有机碳(TOC)数据及孢粉、藻类变化为研究内容,恢复珠江口盆地始新世-渐新世古气候变化,探究 EOGM 与盆地气候的耦合关系,为盆地油气勘探提供古气候方面的证据支撑。研究发现番禺低隆起 PY28-X1 井、阳江凹陷 EP21-X2 井、惠州凹陷 HZ20-X3 井、开平凹陷 KP10-X4 井、KP11-X5 井 TOC 数据在始新世-渐新世界线附近有明显下降趋势。孢粉研究表明,白云凹陷 BY7-X6 井、BY13-X7 井和 LH29-X8 井的喜热孢粉即小栎粉含量在始新世-渐新世界线附近有明显下降趋势,渐新世珠海组出现的孢粉组合以温带乔木树种为主,如桤木粉(Alnipollenites)、拟榛粉(Momipites)和松粉(Pinuspollenites),说明渐新世气温明显下降。最终恢复了珠江口盆地始新世到渐新世古气候变化及古环境演化,与中国近海主要生油气盆地古气候及全球气候变化进行对比分析,表明珠江口盆地及其他中国近海主要盆地,在始新世到渐新世界线附近存在气温骤降,是对 EOGM 冰期事件的响应。珠江口盆地气温骤降对应了 TOC 的下降,指示了 EOGM 事件不利于烃源岩的生成。

Abstract

The Eocene–Oligocene climate experienced a temperature plunge event, which was global and accompanied by various significant environmental changes. As the formation of source rocks is often restricted by paleoclimate conditions, it is important for oil and gas exploration to ascertain the relationship between source rock formation and EOGM-type events. This research takes Eocene–Oligocene TOC data and changes of pollen and algae as the research content, to recover the Eocene–Oligocene paleoclimate changes in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. To this aim, we explore the coupling relationship between Eocene–Oligocene ice age events and basin climate, providing paleoclimatic evidence that supports oil and gas exploration in the basin. It was found that TOC data of the PY28-X1, EP21-X2, HZ20-X3, KP10-X4, and KP11-X5 wells have an obvious downward tendency near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. A pollen study shows that the content of thermophilic pollen; i.e., Quercoidites minutus, in the BY7-X6, BY13-X7, and LH29-X8 wells had an obvious downward tendency near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. The pollen assemblages in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation are dominated by temperate tree species, such asAlnipollenites, Momipites, and Pinuspollenites, which indicate that the climate of the Oligocene was cold. Finally, the paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental evolution from the Eocene to Oligocene in the Pearl River Mouth Basin are recovered, which allowed us to conduct a comparative analysis of the paleoclimate of major oil-gas-producing basins in offshore China in relation to global climate changes. The results show that there was an abrupt temperature decline in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and other major basins near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, likely due as a response to the EOGM event. This abrupt drop corresponds to a decrease in TOC, indicating that EOGM-type events are not conducive to the formation of source rocks.

关键词

始新世-渐新世 / 古气候 / EOGM / 珠江口盆地 / 烃源岩

Key words

Eocene–Oligocene / paleoclimate / EOGM / Pearl River Mouth Basin / source rocks

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王月,常晓琳,陈莹,王文楷,刘欣春,钟瀚霆,魏冰,戚晓婧,侯明才. 珠江口盆地始新世-渐新世古环境演化及对冰期事件的响应[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 570-583 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024011903

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基金资助

中海石油有限公司科研项目(YXKY-ZX012021)

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42272023)

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