西藏山南早白垩世双峰式火山岩与地幔柱裂谷成因——年代学和地球化学的制约

严应伟 ,  龚照程 ,  张沥 ,  陈乾 ,  王世明 ,  戴鼎诚 ,  甘保平 ,  裴秋明

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 634 -654.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 634 -654. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024102702

西藏山南早白垩世双峰式火山岩与地幔柱裂谷成因——年代学和地球化学的制约

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Genesis of Early Cretaceous bimodal volcanic rocks and a mantle-plume-related rift in the Shannan Prefecture of Xizang: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry

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摘要

双峰式火山岩对于探讨区域构造演化和地球动力学背景具有重要意义。本文以西藏山南卡达地区新识别出的一套双峰式火山岩为研究对象,对其开展了岩相学、年代学、全岩地球化学及 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素测试。遮拉组中的双峰式火山岩的基性端元为玄武岩,酸性端元为流纹英安岩,前者的锆石 U-Pb 年龄为(132.4±2.6) Ma,后者锆石 U-Pb 年龄为(133.6±2.8) Ma、独居石 U-Pb 年龄为(136.1±1.5) Ma,3 个年龄测试值在误差范围内一致,指示该双峰式火山岩形成于早白垩世。玄武岩具有较高的 Ti、P、Nb、Ta、Y 和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损 Rb、K 等元素,(87Sr/86Sr)i平均值为 0.705 56,εNd(t)平均值为 1.56,具有洋岛玄武岩的特征,起源于尖晶石−石榴石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融。流纹英安岩为富硅、过铝质的钙碱性系列,富集LREE,亏损Sr、Ti 和P 等元素,具有明显的Eu 负异常和较高的10 000 Ga/Al 比值,与 A 型花岗岩特征相似,为减薄地壳部分熔融的产物。卡达地区的双峰式火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,为东冈瓦纳大陆早期裂解事件的响应,主要受 Kerguelen 地幔柱活动驱动。

Abstract

Bimodal volcanic rocks are of considerable significance in exploring specific tectonic evolution and information related to their geodynamic background. This study concentrates on a set of recently identified bimodal volcanic rocks in the Karda area of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including petrography, geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope analyses. The basic endmember of the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Zhela Formation is basalt, while the acidic endmember is rhyodacite. The zircon U-Pb age of the basalt is (132.4 ± 2.6) Ma, while the rhyodacite has zircon and monazite U-Pb ages of (133.6 ± 2.8) Ma and (136.1 ± 1.5) Ma, respectively. The above U-Pb isotopic ages are consistent within the errors, suggesting that the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Zhela Formation formed in the Early Cretaceous. The basalt has high contents of Ti, P, Nb, Ta, Y, and LREE, and is depleted in elements such as Rb and K. The average value of (87Sr/86Sr)i and εNd(t) is 0.705 56 and 1.56, respectively. The aforementioned geochemical compositions indicate that the basalt is similar in characteristics to OIB-type basalts, which originate from the partial melting of spinel-garnet lherzolite. The rhyodacite is a silica-rich, peraluminous calc-alkaline series, characterized by LREE enrichment and a depletion in elements such as Sr, Ti, and P. The rhyodacite also presents an obvious Eu negative anomaly and a high 10 000Ga/Al ratio, which is similar to the characteristics of A-type granite. Collectively, it is concluded that the rhyodacite is a product of partial melting of the Earth’s crust. The bimodal volcanic rocks from the Zhela Formation formed in a continental rift environment, primarily driven by Kerguelen mantle plume activity, and thus represent a response to early rifting events in East Gondwana.

关键词

双峰式火山岩 / Kerguelen 地幔柱 / 早白垩世 / 特提斯喜马拉雅 / 大火成岩省

Key words

bimodal volcanic rocks / Kerguelen mantle plume / Early Cretaceous / Tethyan Himalaya / large igneous province

引用本文

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严应伟,龚照程,张沥,陈乾,王世明,戴鼎诚,甘保平,裴秋明. 西藏山南早白垩世双峰式火山岩与地幔柱裂谷成因——年代学和地球化学的制约[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 634-654 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024102702

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基金资助

中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20220983)

四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2022NSFSC0410)

西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202401ZY0054)

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