缝洞型油藏气水驱替渗流规律实验研究
Experiment on flow patterns during gas and water flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs
缝洞型油藏是非常规油气资源的重要组成部分,其复杂的缝洞连通性和强非均质特征导致开发过程中的流动规律和残余油形成机理尚不清晰。基于自主设计的缝洞型人造岩心,揭示了裂缝产状、驱替压力和溶洞填充颗粒对水驱、气驱规律的影响。通过可视化实验,对裂缝和溶洞中的流体分布进行敏感性分析,并定量描述驱油效率的变化规律。研究结果表明,垂直裂缝导致溶洞中形成大量“阁楼油”和中部残余油,且裂缝中的重力分异现象进一步减小了驱替前缘的波及范围,而水平裂缝可显著提高缝洞体系的驱油效率。尽管驱替压力未影响驱油效率,且低压驱替仅存在单相流动模式,但在高压驱替条件下,气驱油过程出现油气共渗现象。此外,水驱油效率明显高于气驱。溶洞内颗粒填充导致复杂的渗流路径和油水共渗现象,进而降低了水驱油效率。基于可视化研究,较大的裂缝开度、溶洞直径和较高的驱替速度不利于驱替前缘在垂直方向的聚集;然而,随着油相黏度的增加,溶洞和裂缝的驱油效率随之增加。
As a significant component of unconventional oil and gas resources, fractured-vuggy reservoirs are characterized by complex connectivity between fractures and cavities, as well as strong heterogeneity. These factors lead to elusive flow patterns and intricate mechanisms of residual oil formation during reservoir development. Using custom-designed artificial fractured-vuggy cores, this study revealed the influences of fracture occurrence, drainage pressure, and cavity filling on flow patterns during water and gas injection. Moreover, fluid distributions in fractures and cavities were systematically analyzed through visualization experiments, and variations of displacement efficiency were quantitatively described. Experimental results demonstrate that vertical fractures connected to cavities tend to form more residual oil, gravitational differentiation decreases the sweep range in fractures during water and gas injections, and horizontal fractures significantly enhance displacement efficiency. Drainage pressure has no effect on displacement efficiency; however, a single-phase flow was observed during low-pressure displacement, a two-phase oil–gas flow occurred during gas injection under high pressure. Furthermore, the efficiency of water displacement was notably higher than that of gas injection. The presence of cavities filled with particles decreases the water displacement efficiency due to the occurrence of complex flow pathways and two-phase flows. Visualization experiments further indicate that wider fracture openings, larger cavity diameters, and higher injection velocities hinder displacement front accumulation in the vertical direction. However, the displacement efficiencies in fractures and cavities increase significantly with higher oil viscosity.
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国家级人才项目(JXRSB02001)
国家自然科学基金(52074040,52304021)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0120700)
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