缝洞型油藏气水驱替渗流规律实验研究

游振江 ,  龚丁 ,  杜正曈 ,  肖易航

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 452 -462.

PDF (2348KB)
成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 452 -462. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024110301

缝洞型油藏气水驱替渗流规律实验研究

作者信息 +

Experiment on flow patterns during gas and water flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs

Author information +
文章历史 +
PDF (2403K)

摘要

缝洞型油藏是非常规油气资源的重要组成部分,其复杂的缝洞连通性和强非均质特征导致开发过程中的流动规律和残余油形成机理尚不清晰。基于自主设计的缝洞型人造岩心,揭示了裂缝产状、驱替压力和溶洞填充颗粒对水驱、气驱规律的影响。通过可视化实验,对裂缝和溶洞中的流体分布进行敏感性分析,并定量描述驱油效率的变化规律。研究结果表明,垂直裂缝导致溶洞中形成大量“阁楼油”和中部残余油,且裂缝中的重力分异现象进一步减小了驱替前缘的波及范围,而水平裂缝可显著提高缝洞体系的驱油效率。尽管驱替压力未影响驱油效率,且低压驱替仅存在单相流动模式,但在高压驱替条件下,气驱油过程出现油气共渗现象。此外,水驱油效率明显高于气驱。溶洞内颗粒填充导致复杂的渗流路径和油水共渗现象,进而降低了水驱油效率。基于可视化研究,较大的裂缝开度、溶洞直径和较高的驱替速度不利于驱替前缘在垂直方向的聚集;然而,随着油相黏度的增加,溶洞和裂缝的驱油效率随之增加。

Abstract

As a significant component of unconventional oil and gas resources, fractured-vuggy reservoirs are characterized by complex connectivity between fractures and cavities, as well as strong heterogeneity. These factors lead to elusive flow patterns and intricate mechanisms of residual oil formation during reservoir development. Using custom-designed artificial fractured-vuggy cores, this study revealed the influences of fracture occurrence, drainage pressure, and cavity filling on flow patterns during water and gas injection. Moreover, fluid distributions in fractures and cavities were systematically analyzed through visualization experiments, and variations of displacement efficiency were quantitatively described. Experimental results demonstrate that vertical fractures connected to cavities tend to form more residual oil, gravitational differentiation decreases the sweep range in fractures during water and gas injections, and horizontal fractures significantly enhance displacement efficiency. Drainage pressure has no effect on displacement efficiency; however, a single-phase flow was observed during low-pressure displacement, a two-phase oil–gas flow occurred during gas injection under high pressure. Furthermore, the efficiency of water displacement was notably higher than that of gas injection. The presence of cavities filled with particles decreases the water displacement efficiency due to the occurrence of complex flow pathways and two-phase flows. Visualization experiments further indicate that wider fracture openings, larger cavity diameters, and higher injection velocities hinder displacement front accumulation in the vertical direction. However, the displacement efficiencies in fractures and cavities increase significantly with higher oil viscosity.

关键词

缝洞型油藏 / 气水驱替 / 渗流规律 / 驱替效率 / 可视化实验

Key words

fractured-vuggy reservoir / gas and water injection / flow pattern / displacement efficiency / visualization experiment

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
游振江,龚丁,杜正曈,肖易航. 缝洞型油藏气水驱替渗流规律实验研究[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 452-462 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024110301

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

参考文献

[1]

卜旭强, 王来源, 朱莲花, 等, 2023. 塔里木盆地顺北油气田奥陶系断控缝洞型储层特征及成藏模式[J]. 岩性油气藏, 35(3): 152-160.

[2]

Bu X Q, Wang L Y, Zhu L H, et al., 2023. Characteristics and reservoir accumulation model of Ordovician fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Shunbei oil and gas field,Tarim Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 35(3): 152-160. (in Chinese)

[3]

曹立迎, 孙建芳, 徐婷, 等, 2014. 碳酸盐岩油藏岩石润湿性评价实验研究[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 21(4): 89-92.

[4]

Cao L Y, Sun J F, Xu T, et al., 2014. Experimental study of wettability evaluation on carbonate reservoir rock[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 21(4): 89-92. (in Chinese)

[5]

陈方方, 彭得兵, 王娜, 等, 2024. 英买2缝洞型油藏注水及注气提高采收率研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 46(4): 149-158.

[6]

Chen F F, Peng D B, Wang N, et al., 2024. Water injection and gas injection to enhance oil recovery in Yingmai 2 fracture-vuggy reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 46(4): 149-158. (in Chinese)

[7]

陈小榆, 2015. 工程流体力学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社: 109-118.

[8]

Chen X Y, 2015. Engineering fluid mechanics[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press: 109-118. (in Chinese)

[9]

陈志海, 常铁龙, 刘常红, 2007. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏动用储量计算新方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 28(3): 315-319.

[10]

Chen Z H, Chang T L, Liu C H, 2007. A new approach to producing reserve calculation of fractured-vuggy carbonate rock reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 28(3): 315-319. (in Chinese)

[11]

程洪, 2023. 不同成因岩溶储集体氮气辅助重力驱实验[J]. 新疆石油地质, 44(5): 613-617.

[12]

Cheng H, 2023. Experimental study on nitrogen-assisted gravity drainage in karst reservoirs of different genesis[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 44(5): 613-617. (in Chinese)

[13]

程晓军, 2018. 塔河油田缝洞型油藏水驱后气驱提高采收率可视化实验[J]. 新疆石油地质, 39(4): 473-479.

[14]

Cheng X J, 2018. Visualized gas drive EOR experiments in fractured-vuggy reservoirs after waterflooding in Tahe oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 39(4): 473-479. (in Chinese)

[15]

龚丁, 2020. 基于储层条件的缝洞油藏驱替实验研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学.

[16]

Gong D, 2020. Experimental study on displacement of fracture-cave reservoir based on reservoir conditions[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology. (in Chinese)

[17]

贾冉, 聂仁仕, 刘勇, 等, 2022. 缝洞型油藏斜井三孔双渗试井分析模型[J]. 新疆石油地质, 43(5): 606-611.

[18]

Jia R, Nie R S, Liu Y, et al., 2022. Tri-porosity and dual-permeability well test analysis model for inclined wells in fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 43(5): 606-611. (in Chinese)

[19]

康志江, 李江龙, 张冬丽, 等, 2005. 塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏渗流特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 26(5): 634-640.

[20]

Kang Z J, Li J L, Zhang D L, et al., 2005. Percolation characteristics of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 26(5): 634-640. (in Chinese)

[21]

康志江, 李阳, 计秉玉, 等, 2020. 碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏提高采收率关键技术[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 41(2): 434-441.

[22]

Kang Z J, Li Y, Ji B Y, et al., 2020. Key technologies for EOR in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 41(2): 434-441. (in Chinese)

[23]

李小波, 魏学刚, 刘学利, 等, 2023. 顺北油田超深断控缝洞型油藏注水开发实践[J]. 新疆石油地质, 44(6): 702-710.

[24]

Li X B, Wei X G, Liu X L, et al., 2023. Practice of water injection development in ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Shunbei oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 44(6): 702-710. (in Chinese)

[25]

李雪娇, 付美龙, 李亮, 等, 2019. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏覆膜型体膨颗粒堵剂卡封机理微观可视化研究及注入参数优化[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 41(6): 788-795.

[26]

Li X J, Fu M L, Li L, et al., 2019. Microscopically visual study on the plugging mechanisms and injection parameter optimization of coated swelling particles in fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 41(6): 788-795. (in Chinese)

[27]

李阳, 范智慧, 2011. 塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J]. 石油学报, 32(1): 101-106.

[28]

Li Y, Fan Z H, 2011. Developmental pattern and distribution rule of the fracture-cavity system of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 32(1): 101-106. (in Chinese)

[29]

李勇, 邓晓娟, 宁超众, 等, 2022. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏“二次定量雕刻”技术及其应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 49(4): 693-703.

[30]

Li Y, Deng X J, Ning C Z, et al., 2022. “Second quantitative characterization” and its application on fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 49(4): 693-703. (in Chinese)

[31]

刘晶晶, 毛毳, 魏荷花, 等, 2021. 塔河油田奥陶系缝洞充填序列及其测井响应[J]. 新疆石油地质, 42(1): 46-52.

[32]

Liu J J, Mao C, Wei H H, et al., 2021. Ordovician fracture-cavity filling sequence and its logging responses in Tahe oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 42(1): 46-52. (in Chinese)

[33]

钱真, 毛志强, 郑伟, 等, 2023. 井间单套缝洞型油藏橡胶颗粒调剖堵水实验[J]. 岩性油气藏, 35(4): 161-168.

[34]

Qian Z, Mao Z Q, Zheng W, et al., 2023. Experiment on profile control and water plugging of rubber particles in inter-well single fractured-vuggy reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 35(4): 161-168. (in Chinese)

[35]

屈鸣, 侯吉瑞, 李军, 等, 2018. 缝洞型油藏三维可视化模型底水驱油水界面特征研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 3(4): 422-433.

[36]

Qu M, Hou J R, Li J, et al., 2018. Research into characteristics of the oil-water interface during bottom water flooding in a fractured-vuggy reservoir by a 3-D visual model[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 3(4): 422-433. (in Chinese)

[37]

屈鸣, 侯吉瑞, 闻宇晨, 等, 2019. 缝洞型油藏裂缝中泡沫辅助气驱运移特征[J]. 石油科学通报, 4(3): 300-309.

[38]

Qu M, Hou J R, Wen Y C, et al., 2019. Migration features of foam-assisted gas drive in fractures of fracture-vuggy reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 4(3): 300-309. (in Chinese)

[39]

荣元帅, 李新华, 刘学利, 等, 2013. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏多井缝洞单元注水开发模式[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 20(2): 58-61.

[40]

Rong Y S, Li X H, Liu X L, et al., 2013. Discussion about pattern of water flooding development in multi-well fracture-cavity units of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 20(2): 58-61. (in Chinese)

[41]

宋传真, 鲁新便, 侯吉瑞, 等, 2023. 塔河油田缝洞型油藏耐高温耐高盐强化泡沫体系研制与性能评价[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 30(5): 76-83.

[42]

Song C Z, Lu X B, Hou J R, et al., 2023. Preparation and performance evaluation of reinforced foam system with high temperature resistance and high salt tolerance in fracture-cavity reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 30(5): 76-83. (in Chinese)

[43]

谭承军, 吕景英, 李国蓉, 2001. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏产能特征与储集层类型的相关性[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 8(3): 43-45.

[44]

Tan C J, Lu J Y, Li G R, 2001. Correlativity between productivity features and reservoir type in carbonate oil reservoirs of Tahe oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 8(3): 43-45. (in Chinese)

[45]

王敬, 刘慧卿, 徐杰, 等, 2012. 缝洞型油藏剩余油形成机制及分布规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 39(5): 585-590.

[46]

Wang J, Liu H Q, Xu J, et al., 2012. Formation mechanism and distribution law of remaining oil in fracture-cavity reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(5): 585-590. (in Chinese)

[47]

王敬, 齐向生, 刘慧卿, 等, 2022. 缝洞型油藏水驱剩余油形成机制及换向注水增油机理[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 49(5): 965-976.

[48]

Wang J, Qi X S, Liu H Q, et al., 2022. Mechanisms of remaining oil formation by water flooding and enhanced oil recovery by reversing water injection in fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 49(5): 965-976. (in Chinese)

[49]

王远征, 曹仁义, 贾品, 2024. 断控缝洞型油藏注采井间油水界面预测方法[J]. 深圳大学学报理工版, 41(2): 152-162.

[50]

Wang Y Z, Cao R Y, Jia P, 2024. Prediction method of oil-water interface between injection and production wells in fault-controlled fractured-cavity reservoirs[J]. Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering, 41(2): 152-162. (in Chinese)

[51]

巫波, 杨文东, 吕晶, 等, 2023. 塔河油田缝洞型储集层类型综合识别[J]. 新疆石油地质, 44(2): 238-244.

[52]

Wu B, Yang W D, Lyu J, et al., 2023. Comprehensive identification of fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 44(2): 238-244. (in Chinese)

[53]

肖易航, 郑军, 何勇明, 等, 2021. 部分润湿多孔介质渗流规律实验研究[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 48(5): 617-625.

[54]

Xiao Y H, Zheng J, He Y M, et al., 2021. Experimental study on seepage law of fractional wet porous media[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 48(5): 617-625. (in Chinese)

[55]

肖易航, 郑军, 何勇明, 2023. 气泡在粗糙表面的润湿行为研究[J]. 材料导报, 37(23): 22030060.

[56]

Xiao Y H, Zheng J, He Y M, 2023. Investigation of wetting behaviors for air bubble on rough surfaces[J]. Materials Reports, 37(23): 22030060. (in Chinese)

[57]

杨学文, 汪如军, 邓兴梁, 等, 2022. 超深断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注水重力驱油理论探索[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 49(1): 116-124.

[58]

Yang X W, Wang R J, Deng X L, et al., 2022. Theoretical exploration of water injection gravity flooding oil in ultra-deep fault-controlled fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 49(1): 116-124. (in Chinese)

[59]

苑登御, 侯吉瑞, 宋兆杰, 等, 2015. 塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注水方式优选及注气提高采收率实验[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 39(6): 102-110.

[60]

Yuan D Y, Hou J J, Song Z J, et al., 2015. Optimization of water injection methods and N2 flooding for EOR in Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir [J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 39(6): 102-110. (in Chinese)

[61]

张慧, 鞠斌山, 刘中春, 等, 2022. 缝洞型油藏氮气辅助重力驱可行性分析[J]. 断块油气田, 29(3): 399-403.

[62]

Zhang H, Ju B S, Liu Z C, et al., 2022. Feasibility study on nitrogen-assisted gravity drainage in fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 29(3): 399-403. (in Chinese)

[63]

张如杰, 陈利新, 乐平, 等, 2024. 缝洞型油藏高压扩容注入动态模型及敏感性分析[J]. 新疆石油地质, 45(4): 460-469.

[64]

Zhang R J, Chen L X, Yue P, et al., 2024. Dynamic model and sensitivity analysis of high-pressure water injection for capacity expansion of fractured-vuggy reservoirs[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 45(4): 460-469. (in Chinese)

[65]

张祖波, 罗蔓莉, 戴志坚, 等, 2012. 岩石中两相流体相对渗透率测定方法:GB/T 28912-2012[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社.

[66]

Zhang Z B, Luo M L, Dai Z J, et al., 2012. Test method for two phase relative permeability in rock:GB/T 28912−2012[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China. (in Chinese)

[67]

赵磊, 潘毅, 刘学利, 等, 2015. 缝洞型储层全直径岩心注气吞吐替油实验研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 5(1): 39-43.

[68]

Zhao L, Pan Y, Liu X L, et al., 2015. Research on gas injection puff and huff displacement of full diameter core in fracture-vug carbonate reservoir[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 5(1): 39-43. (in Chinese)

[69]

郑军, 肖易航, 舒平华, 等, 2018. 乳化液中两相流体高精度自动计量装置及方法:201810391438.5[P]. 2018-04-27.

[70]

郑泽宇, 朱倘仟, 侯吉瑞, 等, 2016. 碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气驱后剩余油可视化研究[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 23(2): 93-97.

[71]

Zheng Z Y, Zhu T Q, Hou J R, et al., 2016. Visible research on remaining oil after nitrogen flooding in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 23(2): 93-97. (in Chinese)

[72]

Ardila N, Zambrano-Narvaez G, Chalaturnyk R J, 2019. Wettability measurements on 3D printed sandstone analogues and its implications for fluid transport phenomena[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 129(2): 521-539.

[73]

Dehghani K, Kamath J, 2001. High-temperature blowdown experiments in a vuggy carbonate core[J]. SPE Journal, 6(3): 283-287.

[74]

Hidajat I, Mohanty K K, Flaum M, et al., 2002. Study of vuggy carbonates using X-ray CT scanner and NMR[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio:SPE:SPE-77396-MS.

[75]

Hidajat I, Mohanty K K, Flaum M, et al., 2004. Study of vuggy carbonates using NMR and X-ray CT scanning[J]. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, 7(5): 365-377.

[76]

Hodder K J, Nychka J A, 2019. Silane treatment of 3D-printed sandstone models for improved spontaneous imbibition of water[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 129(2): 583-598.

[77]

Wang Y, Hou J R, Tang Y, et al., 2018. Application of modified Dykstra-Parsons method to natural bottom-water drive in non-communicating fractured-vuggy reservoir[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 167: 682-691.

[78]

Xiao Y H, Zheng J, He Y M, et al., 2023. Percolation transitions of spontaneous imbibition in fractional-wet porous media[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 673: 131826.

[79]

Zheng J, Chen C H, Liu H B, 2023. Oil-gas-water three-phase automatic metering device and method:US,US11808682[P]. 2023-11-07.

基金资助

国家级人才项目(JXRSB02001)

国家自然科学基金(52074040,52304021)

国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0120700)

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF (2348KB)

0

访问

0

被引

详细

导航
相关文章

AI思维导图

/

〈 〉