川西北晚三叠世盆−山耦合过程与古地理演化
闫心宇 , 刘磊 , 王小娟 , 朱淑玥 , 赵菲 , 郑超 , 马贤成 , 张蕊
成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 512 -533.
川西北晚三叠世盆−山耦合过程与古地理演化
Basin-orogen coupling process and paleogeographic evolution of the northwestern Sichuan Basin during the Late Triassic
川西北地区上三叠统须家河组物质来源以及周缘造山带供源时序存在较大争议,多物源体系下的构造−沉积模式有待进一步揭示。本文基于野外露头、钻、测井资料,通过岩屑、重矿物组合特征、古水流及碎屑锆石年龄特征进行物源综合分析,通过阐明须家河组沉积期充填过程,聚焦碎屑物质分布及迁移规律,进而揭示川西北周缘造山带的盆−山耦合关系与古地理演化。四川盆地西北部在须家河组沉积时期存在松潘-甘孜褶皱带、龙门山冲断带、南秦岭 3 个源区。根据研究区须家河组砂岩样品岩屑、重矿物百分含量统计分析,划分出岩屑组合与重矿物组合类型的分区:须一段和须二段划分出 2 类组合区域,须三段和须四段划分出 3 类组合区域。在物源综合分析基础上,结合研究区碎屑岩分布、沉积演化,认为须一段至须二段沉积时期,西部松潘-甘孜褶皱带和龙门山冲断带为主要物源区,供给盆内发育的辫状河三角洲;须三段沉积时期,龙门山中北段发生强烈隆升,为研究区西北部发育的扇三角洲供源,米仓山低幅隆升,开始为研究区东部发育的辫状河三角洲供源;须四段沉积时期,龙门山中北段隆升幅度增高,米仓山-大巴山进一步推覆抬升,研究区东部的辫状河三角洲规模逐渐扩大。物源供给早期西强北弱,后期转变为西北联合供砂。龙门山冲断带和米仓山-大巴山的演化主导了川西北构造−沉积格局的变化及物质分布规律。通过探讨川西北盆−山耦合过程及其约束下的砂体展布规律与古地理演化,为须家河组成藏物质基础研究提供新的视角。
The provenance of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin and the temporal evolution of sediment supply of the surrounding orogenic belt are controversial research topics. Moreover, tectonic sedimentary models based on multi-source systems need to be further studied. Based on field outcrops and drilling and logging data, we comprehensively analyzed the Xujiahe Formation’s provenance through the characteristics of rock debris, heavy mineral assemblages, paleocurrents, and age characteristics of detrital zircons. By clarifying the filling process of the Xujiahe Formation during the sedimentary period, focusing on the distribution and migration of detrital materials, the basin–mountain coupling relationship and paleogeographic evolution of the orogenic belt around the northwest of Sichuan Basin were revealed. There were three major source areas in northwestern Sichuan Basin during the deposition of the Xujiahe Formation, including the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt, the Longmenshan thrust belt, and the South Qinling Mountains. According to a statistical analysis of the percentage of debris and heavy minerals in sandstone samples from the Xujiahe Formation, the debris and heavy mineral assemblages were classified as follows: the first and second members of the Xujiahe Formation can be divided into two types of combination areas, and the third and fourth members of the Xujiahe Formation can be divided into three types of combination areas. Based on the comprehensive analysis of provenance, combined with the distribution and sedimentary evolution of clastic rocks in the study area, it is considered that during the sedimentary period of the first and second members of Xujiahe Formation, the western Songpan-Ganzi fold belt, and the Longmenshan thrust belt are the main source areas, which supplied a braided river delta that developed in the basin. During the deposition period of the third member of the Xujiahe Formation, a strong uplift occurred in the north–central section of the Longmenshan, which was the source of a fan delta that developed in the northwest of the study area. The low-amplitude uplift of the Micang Mountains began to supply a braided river delta that developed in the eastern part of the study area. During the sedimentary period of the fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation, uplift of the middle and northern sections of the Longmenshan increased, and the Micang–Daba Mountains further overturned and uplifted; meanwhile, the scale of the braided river delta in the eastern part of the study area gradually expanded. The source supply was strong in the west and weak in the north in the early stage, and changed to a northwest joint sand supply in the later stage. The evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt and Micang–Daba Mountains were dominated by changes in the tectonic sedimentary pattern and material distribution in northwestern Sichuan. By discussing the basin–mountain coupling process in northwestern Sichuan and the sand body distribution law and paleogeographic evolution under various constraints, this study provides a new perspective for the study of the material basis of the Xujiahe Formation.
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四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(22CXTD0064)
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