川南筇竹寺组页岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及对页岩气富集高产的影响

蒋睿 ,  何建华 ,  邓明全 ,  李丹 ,  熊亮 ,  邓虎成 ,  徐浩 ,  解馨慧 ,  马若龙 ,  李勇

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 551 -569.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 551 -569. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024110902

川南筇竹寺组页岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及对页岩气富集高产的影响

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Development characteristics of natural fractures in the Qiongzhusi Formation shale reservoir in southern Sichuan and their impact on shale gas enrichment and yield

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摘要

天然裂缝的发育规模不仅对页岩气富集和保存具有重要影响,也对储层改造体积具有一定的控制作用,而目前筇竹寺组天然裂缝特征及对页岩气富集高产影响规律不明,制约了储层精细评价和“甜点”优选。本文以川南筇竹寺组富有机质页岩储层为例,基于钻井和成像测井资料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)、X 射线荧光光谱仪、XRD-全岩矿物衍射等方法,明确天然裂缝的类型与特征,查明区内天然裂缝发育的受控因素,揭示天然裂缝对页岩气富集和高产的影响。研究表明构造变形区筇竹寺组裂缝主要以 NEE、NWW 向剪切缝和 SN 向张扭缝为主,并少量发育 NE 向张性缝,非变形区主要发育层理缝和流体超压缝;天然微裂缝以粒间缝和粒内缝为主。纹层状长英质粉砂质页岩裂缝相对发育,而灰质、黄铁矿及凝灰岩纹层影响了裂缝纵向延伸长度;裂缝密度随石英、长石等脆性矿物含量增高而增大,而总有机碳和黏土矿物会使裂缝密度降低,与龙马溪组特征差异大;构造变形和断裂对研究区裂缝发育影响相对弱。层理缝与层内微裂缝等中小尺度裂缝有助于页岩气富集,底板穿层剪切缝使得页岩气逸散。倾角大于 60°、NEE-NWW 向裂缝和与地应力方向夹角小于 30°的剪切缝和张扭缝,压后更易启滑而形成复杂缝网,沟通更多含气层,对页岩气产能贡献明显。

Abstract

The development scale of natural fractures has a significant impact on the enrichment and preservation of shale gas, and also plays a controlling role in reservoir stimulation volume. However, the characteristics of natural fractures in the Qiongzhusi Formation and their influence on the enrichment and production of shale gas are still unclear, which limit the fine evaluation of reservoirs and the selection of sweet spots. This study takes the organic-rich shale reservoirs of the Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan as an example. Based on drilling and imaging logging data, methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam SEM, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and whole-rock mineral X-ray diffraction were used to clarify the types and characteristics of natural fractures, identify the controlling factors of natural fracture development in the area, and reveal the influence of natural fractures on the enrichment and production of shale gas. The results study show that in the tectonically deformed areas, the fractures in the Qiongzhusi Formation are mainly NEE-NWW trending shear fractures and S-N tensile-shear fractures, with a small number of NE trending tensile fractures. In non-deformed areas, bedding fractures and fluid overpressure fractures have mainly developed. The natural microfractures are mainly intergranular and intragranular. The laminated, long, fine-grained siliceous siltstone shale has relatively developed fractures, while the calcareous, pyrite, and tuff laminae affect the longitudinal extension of fractures. The fracture density increases with an increase of brittle minerals such as quartz and feldspar, while the total organic carbon and clay minerals reduce the fracture density. Overall, these characteristics are significantly different from those of the Longmaxi Formation. Tectonic deformation and faults have a relatively weak influence on the development of fractures in the study area. Bedding fractures, intra-layer microfractures, and other medium- and small-scale fractures are conducive to the enrichment of shale gas, while cross-layer shear fractures at the bottom of the layer allow shale gas to escape. Fractures with an inclination angle greater than 60°, NEE-NWW trending fractures, and shear and tensile-shear fractures with an angle less than 30° to the direction of in situ stress are more likely to be activated after stimulation to form complex fracture networks, have more connected gas-bearing layers, and have a significant contribution to the productivity of shale gas.

关键词

川南筇竹寺组 / 深层页岩气 / 裂缝发育特征 / 裂缝受控因素 / 页岩气开发

Key words

Qiongzhusi Formation southern Sichuan Basin / deep shale gas / fracture development characteristics / fracture controlling factors / shale gas development

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
蒋睿,何建华,邓明全,李丹,熊亮,邓虎成,徐浩,解馨慧,马若龙,李勇. 川南筇竹寺组页岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及对页岩气富集高产的影响[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 551-569 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024110902

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(42402148,42072182)

页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室开放基金项目(24-ZC0699- 0057)

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