川西木绒伟晶岩型锂矿高分异演化机制——来自独居石地球化学及年代学的证据

崔新宇 ,  赵甫峰 ,  王国芝 ,  岳大斌 ,  刘雪敏 ,  王梓璇 ,  雷庆 ,  宋祥峰 ,  杨元良 ,  肖世一 ,  王琦

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 597 -619.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 597 -619. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024111501

川西木绒伟晶岩型锂矿高分异演化机制——来自独居石地球化学及年代学的证据

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Mechanism of highly fractionated evolution in the Murong pegmatite-type lithium deposit, western Sichuan: evidence from geochemistry and geochronology of monazite

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摘要

四川西部木绒超大型伟晶岩型锂辉石矿位于松潘-甘孜造山带内的雅江穹隆群北东部,与甲基卡富锂伟晶岩群相邻。木绒锂辉石伟晶岩不同于松潘-甘孜造山带内其他锂矿床,为单脉伟晶岩锂矿,具有全脉矿化特征,是目前亚洲第一大单脉伟晶岩型锂矿床。结合木绒伟晶岩全岩元素地球化学,以伟晶岩中独居石为研究对象,采用 U-Th-Pb 年代学和原位地球化学研究方法,分析和讨论木绒富锂伟晶岩的成因和锂的富集机制。研究发现独居石可分为再循环晶(antecryst)和自生晶(autocryst)2 种类型,均具岩浆成因属性。2 种独居石的年龄分别为(200.1±1.9) Ma 和(196.3±2.4) Ma,分别代表伟晶岩岩浆熔体早期结晶年龄和最终结晶年龄。自生晶独居石比再循环晶独居石更加亏损 REE、更富集 U,具有更低的 Th/U 比值、更显著的负 Eu 异常和明显的四分组效应,说明木绒伟晶岩岩浆经历了多阶段的高分异演化过程。通过与甲基卡花岗岩、伟晶岩的全岩元素地球化学对比研究发现,木绒伟晶岩可能是甲基卡富锂伟晶岩群的外延部分,多阶段演化过程是获得高分异伟晶岩岩浆的重要途径,也可能是导致木绒富锂伟晶岩全脉矿化和锂巨量超常富集的关键原因。

Abstract

The superlarge Murong pegmatite-type lithium deposit in western Sichuan is located in the northeastern part of the Yajiang dome group within the Songpan–Ganze orogenic belt, adjacent to the Jiajika lithium-rich pegmatite group. Unlike other lithium deposits in the Songpan–Ganze orogenic belt, the Murong spodumene pegmatite is characterized by a single-vein pegmatite lithium deposit with full-vein mineralization, making it the largest single-vein pegmatite-type lithium deposit yet discovered in Asia. This study integrates whole-rock elemental geochemistry of the Murong pegmatite and focuses on monazite within the pegmatite, employing U-Th-Pb geochronology and in situ major and trace element geochemical analyses to investigate the genesis and lithium enrichment mechanisms of the Murong lithium-rich pegmatite. The research reveals that monazite can be classified into two types: antecryst and autocryst, both of magmatic origin. The ages of the two types of monazite are (200.1 ± 1.9) Ma and (196.3 ± 2.4) Ma, representing the early crystallization age and the final crystallization age of the pegmatite magma, respectively. Autocrystic monazite is more depleted in REE, more enriched in U, has lower Th/U ratios, more pronounced negative Eu anomalies, and distinct tetrad effects compared to antecrystic monazite, indicating that the Murong pegmatite magma underwent a highly fractionated, multistage evolutionary process. Comparative studies of whole-rock elemental geochemistry between the Murong pegmatite and the Jiajika granite and pegmatite suggest that the former may be an extension of the Jiajika lithium-rich pegmatite group. The multistage evolutionary process identified in this work is a crucial pathway for obtaining highly fractionated pegmatite magma and may also be the key reason for the full-vein mineralization and massive lithium enrichment in the Murong lithium-rich pegmatite.

关键词

木绒 / 富锂伟晶岩 / 独居石 / 再循环晶 / 岩浆演化

Key words

Murong / lithium-rich pegmatite / monazite / antecryst / magmatic evolution

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崔新宇,赵甫峰,王国芝,岳大斌,刘雪敏,王梓璇,雷庆,宋祥峰,杨元良,肖世一,王琦. 川西木绒伟晶岩型锂矿高分异演化机制——来自独居石地球化学及年代学的证据[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 597-619 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024111501

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基金资助

四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC0268, 2023NSFSC0793)

四川省地质矿产勘查开发专项项目(SCDZ-DZKC202403, SCDZ-KJXM202404)

自然资源部科技支撑项目(ZKKJ202413)

深地国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1001400)

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