复杂构造区天然裂缝差异分布及成因——以塔里木库车前陆冲断带为例

胡笑非 ,  邓虎成 ,  高艳芳 ,  杜宇 ,  王翠丽 ,  张昊天 ,  杨宇勇 ,  雷湘湘 ,  郭尚荣 ,  吴永平

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 534 -550.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 534 -550. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024112001

复杂构造区天然裂缝差异分布及成因——以塔里木库车前陆冲断带为例

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The differential distribution characteristics and genesis of natural fractures in complex tectonic zones: a case study of the Kuqa foreland of Tarim Basin

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摘要

南天山前陆冲断带构造复杂,深层−超深层致密砂岩储层中天然裂缝发育。以下白垩统为重要勘探开发目标的目的层经历了多期构造运动,所形成的复杂裂缝系统为储集层提供了必要的富集和渗流空间。然而,库车前陆冲断带不同气田、不同褶皱变形内、不同层位之间裂缝展布特征差异明显。以库车坳陷重点增储上产区为例,基于成像测井、岩心资料、常规测井、镜下薄片、野外地质剖面等资料对重点区块裂缝发育差异性及裂缝成因类型进行研究。通过对研究区应力环境演化特征分析发现自下白垩统沉积以来,应力场方向未发生明显改变,明确了重点区块构造样式及组合特征。厘清了重点区块复杂天然裂缝发育特征及展布规律。博孜大北地区裂缝走向以近南北向为主;克深 X 地区裂缝走向以近东西向为主,发育少量近南北向裂缝;迪那 Y 地区裂缝走向则以近东西向为主。研究区主要发育 3 种构造成因裂缝:区域构造裂缝、构造变形裂缝、断层共(派)生裂缝。结合地质构造背景和应力场环境,梳理了不同成因裂缝的典型发育特征,并开展了基于地质构造环境和应力场相耦合的天然裂缝发育主因分区评价,将库车前陆裂缝发育分布特征主要分为 2 类模式。可为该前陆冲断带裂缝分布预测提供参考。

Abstract

The tectonic structure of the southern Tianshan foreland thrust belt is complex, in which natural fractures have extensively developed in deep and ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs. The Lower Cretaceous strata, a significant target for exploration and development, have experienced multiple episodes of tectonic movement, forming a complex fracture system that provides essential storage and permeability space for reservoirs. However, there are clear differences in the fracture distribution characteristics among different gas fields, within various folds, and at different stratigraphic levels in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. Taking the Kuqa Depression as an example, which is a key area for enhanced resource discovery and production, we investigated the differential development of fractures and their genetic types based on imaging logging data, core data, conventional logging data, microscopy, and field geological profiles. The analysis of stress evolution in the study area revealed that since the deposition of the Lower Cretaceous strata, there has been no significant change in the stress field direction, clarifying the structural patterns and combination features of key blocks. The investigation also delineated the characteristics and distribution laws of complex natural fractures in the key block: the fractures in the Bozi–Dabei area mainly trend nearly north-south (N-S), those in the Keshen X area primarily trend nearly east-west (E-W) with some N-S trending fractures, and the Dina Y area is characterized by E-W trending fractures. Three main types of tectonic origin fractures are identified: regional tectonic fractures, deformation-related fractures, and fault-related fractures. Combined with the geological structural background and stress field environment, typical development features of different genetic fractures are summarized, and the fracture distribution characteristics are classified into two primary modes in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. This study provides a guide for predicting fracture distributions in this foreland thrust belt.

关键词

前陆冲断带 / 裂缝展布 / 裂缝成因 / 库车坳陷 / 致密砂岩

Key words

foreland thrust belt / fracture distribution / fracture genesis / Kuqa Depression / tight sandstone

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胡笑非,邓虎成,高艳芳,杜宇,王翠丽,张昊天,杨宇勇,雷湘湘,郭尚荣,吴永平. 复杂构造区天然裂缝差异分布及成因——以塔里木库车前陆冲断带为例[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 534-550 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024112001

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基金资助

四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024NSFSC0815)

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