四川盆地宝塔组古水深重建——沉积相与微生物组构证据

耿婉婷 ,  曾敏 ,  黄祥锐 ,  陈思 ,  靳晓雨

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 494 -511.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 494 -511. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024112101

四川盆地宝塔组古水深重建——沉积相与微生物组构证据

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Palaeobathymetric reconstruction of the Pagoda Formation in the Sichuan Basin: evidence from sedimentary facies and microbial fabrics

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摘要

四川盆地上奥陶统宝塔组沉积期对应于由奥陶纪生物大辐射事件向奥陶纪末生物大灭绝事件转变的关键时期。关于宝塔组古水深演变过程的研究可为理解该时期区域和全球沉积环境演化提供重要线索,但目前对其古水深尤其是在定量估算方面尚存争议。基于对四川兴文海马、南江桥亭和重庆綦江安稳等剖面的宝塔组地层开展沉积学及微生物组构分析,本文重建了晚奥陶世早期古水深及其垂向演变特征。宝塔组及下伏地层沉积相自下而上可划为蒸发性局限台地相、混积开阔台地边缘浅滩相、混积局限台地相和碳酸盐缓坡相,记录了沉积环境由浅水演变为深水的海侵过程。在宝塔组灰岩底部识别出Girvanella 菌、Subtifloria 菌和 Proaulopora 菌等 3 种钙化蓝细菌群及其组合,指示沉积于透光带上部(~50 m)的浅水环境。在宝塔组中上部灰岩钙化蓝细菌消失,但识别出绿藻相关网状钻孔、真菌相关的丝状和球状等微生物钻孔组构,指示水深达到透光带之下的弱光带(>100 m),进一步表明晚桑比期-早凯迪期扬子台地发生快速海侵的古水深变化过程。该认识对揭示晚奥陶世全球气候波动、生物多样性变化等事件成因具有重要意义。

Abstract

The deposition of the Upper Ordovician Pagoda Formation in the Sichuan Basin (South China) corresponds to a critical period of transition from the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event to the Late Ordovician mass extinction. The study of the paleo-water depth and evolution during the deposition of the Pagoda Formation provides significant insights into the sedimentary environmental evolution of the Sichuan Basin and global environmental changes during this period. However, it remains a subject of debate. We conducted sedimentological and microbial fabric analyses of limestones from the Pagoda Formation at sections including Haima (Xingwen, Sichuan), Qiaoting (Nanjiang, Sichuan), and Anwen (Qijiang, Chongqing) to reconstruct the paleo-water depth. The sedimentary facies of the Pagoda Formation and its underlying strata can be subdivided ascendingly into evaporative restricted platform facies, mixed open platform margin shoal facies, mixed restricted platform facies, and carbonate ramp facies, which have collectively recorded a transgressive process from shallow-water to deep-water environments during the depositional period. In the basal limestone of the Pagoda Formation, the identification of calcified cyanobacterial communities, includingGirvanella, Subtifloria, and Proaulopora, along with their assemblages, indicate deposition within the shallow-water environment of the upper photic zone (~ 50 m water depth). In the middle-to-upper limestone intervals of the Pagoda Formation, these calcified cyanobacteria disappeared, while microbial boring fabrics associated with green algae (reticulate borings) and fungi (filamentous and spherical borings) are recognized. This shift suggests a significant increase in water depth to the low-light zone below the photic zone (>100 m), further supporting a rapid transgression-induced water deepening process on the Yangtze Platform during the Late Sandbian to Early Katian stages. These findings provide critical insights into the mechanisms driving global climate fluctuations and biodiversity changes during the Late Ordovician, highlighting their indicative significance for understanding the origins of these paleoenvironmental and biotic events.

关键词

宝塔组 / 碳酸盐岩微相 / 钙化蓝细菌 / 钻孔微生物

Key words

Pagoda Formation / carbonate microfacies / calcified cyanobacteria / endolithic micro-organisms

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耿婉婷,曾敏,黄祥锐,陈思,靳晓雨. 四川盆地宝塔组古水深重建——沉积相与微生物组构证据[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(3): 494-511 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2024112101

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国家自然科学基金(41102065,41872110)

云南大学双一流建设项目(CZ21623201,C1762101030017)

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