喷溢沉积型锰矿床成矿模式、勘查方法与找矿进展

周琦 ,  刘雨

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4) : 725 -740.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4) : 725 -740. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2026042501
成都理工大学70周年校庆专刊

喷溢沉积型锰矿床成矿模式、勘查方法与找矿进展

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Metallogenic model, exploration methods, and prospecting progress of exhalative sedimentary manganese deposits

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摘要

喷溢沉积型锰矿床是中国最重要的一种锰矿床类型,是在“裂谷盆地−传输通道−含锰流体”三元共控机制下,深部含锰流体短时大规模喷溢沉积成矿的产物,主要分布在贵州、湖南、重庆及毗邻地区。该类型锰矿是在Rodinia 超大陆裂解背景下,南华裂谷武陵次级裂谷中心发生大规模喷溢沉积成矿作用而形成,基于此锰矿喷溢沉积成矿系统新模式得以创立。在该成矿模式的指导下,近年来在黔东地区发现并提交了 4 个世界级隐伏超大型锰矿床和一批大−中型锰矿床,成为国际矿床学界为数不多的先建立原创理论,后指导找到世界级隐伏大矿的成功范例之一。本文在介绍喷溢沉积型锰矿成矿模式的基础上,对该类型锰矿喷溢沉积成矿过程,包括裂谷演化与喷溢−沉积成矿旋回、流体底辟−喷溢构造系统和富菱锰矿体中气泡状构造等方面研究的最新进展进行了介绍。依托喷溢沉积型锰矿成矿新模式,研发了喷溢沉积型锰矿找矿勘查技术体系,包括沉积盆地分析、多尺度三维建模、地球物理探测、地球化学探测、喷溢沉积矿石相判别、智能找矿预测、数字勘查等,对通过转化应用,实现中国锰矿找矿历史性突破进行了介绍,并对其他地区具有相似锰矿成矿地质背景的推广应用进行了展望。

Abstract

Exhalative sedimentary manganese deposits represent one of the most important manganese deposit types in China. They are interpreted as the products of rapid and large-scale exhalative sedimentation of deep Mn-bearing fluids. Their formation was controlled by a coupled “rift basin–transport conduit–Mn-bearing fluid” system. These deposits are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing, and adjacent regions. This type of manganese deposit formed during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. Large-scale exhalative sedimentary manganese mineralization occurred in the central part of the Wuling secondary rift within the Nanhua rift. Based on these studies, a new metallogenic model for exhalative sedimentary manganese systems has been established. Guided by this theoretical framework, four world-class concealed extra-large manganese deposits and a series of large- to medium-sized manganese deposits have recently been discovered in eastern Guizhou. This represents one of the few successful international examples in which an original metallogenic theory directly guided the discovery of concealed world-class giant ore deposits. Based on the metallogenic model of exhalative sedimentary manganese deposits, this paper presents recent advances in research on the metallogenic processes of these deposits, including rift evolution and exhalative sedimentary metallogenic cycles, fluid diapiric exhalative structural systems, and bubble-like structures in rhodochrosite-rich orebodies. Based on the new metallogenic model, a technical system for manganese deposit exploration and prospecting has been developed, including sedimentary basin analysis, multi-scale three-dimensional geological modeling, geophysical and geochemical exploration, discrimination of exhalative sedimentary ore facies, intelligent mineral prospectivity prediction, and digital exploration techniques. Historic exploration breakthroughs related to this deposit type are also reviewed. Finally, the potential application of this metallogenic model and exploration framework to other regions with comparable manganese metallogenic settings is discussed.

关键词

锰矿 / 喷溢沉积型 / 成矿模式 / 勘查技术方法 / 找矿进展

Key words

manganese deposit / exhalative sedimentary type / metallogenic model / exploration technique / exploration progress

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
周琦,刘雨. 喷溢沉积型锰矿床成矿模式、勘查方法与找矿进展[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(4): 725-740 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2026042501

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基金资助

贵州省重大科技专项(黔科合重大 [2025]016)

贵州省科技计划项目(黔科补平台 SSYS[2026]002;黔科合平台人才 ZDSYS[2023]005)

贵州省科技创新人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才 CXTD[2025]026)

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