深部隧道围岩分级——传统体系演进与极端环境挑战的应对

李天斌 ,  马俊杰 ,  高东源

成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4) : 840 -855.

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成都理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4) : 840 -855. DOI: 10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2026051501
成都理工大学70周年校庆专刊

深部隧道围岩分级——传统体系演进与极端环境挑战的应对

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Rock mass classification for deep tunnels: evolution of traditional methods and responses to extreme environmental challenges

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摘要

针对深部热水力极端环境条件下隧道围岩分级面临的难题,本文在阐明隧道围岩分级技术发展历程的基础上,对比分析了 BQ(basic quality)、RMR(rock mass rating)和 Q-system 分级方法的局限性与围岩智能分级的适用条件,剖析了深部热水力环境对围岩质量的劣化作用,探讨了深部热水力极端环境下的围岩分级框架。研究表明,传统围岩分级方法在深部热水力环境下的指标及其评分不合理;现有数据驱动的围岩智能分级模型因缺乏关键地质与物理力学机制的约束,在极端工况下的预测性、泛化性和可解释性仍显不足。为此,初步构建了考虑热水力极端环境的深部围岩分级框架,确立了包含岩体组成、岩体赋存环境和开挖扰动因素的深部围岩质量评价逻辑。未来深部围岩分级研究需探索机理驱动与智能算法的协同作用,为未来融合多模态地质大模型与智能体,构建具备自主感知、持续学习与动态协同决策能力的隧道智能建造体系提供参考。

Abstract

To address challenges in deep tunnel rock mass classification under deep thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) extreme environments, this paper reviews the technique’s evolution; illustrates the limitations of methods like basic quality, rock mass rating, and Q-system, and the applicability of intelligent classification methods; analyzes quality degradation in deep THM environments; and proposes a classification framework for such extreme conditions. The findings reveal that the index and its ratings for traditional classification methods are inadequate for deep THM conditions. Moreover, existing data-driven intelligent classification models lack the essential constraints of geological and physical–mechanical mechanisms, leading to insufficient predictability, generalizability, and interpretability under extreme conditions. Consequently, a preliminary deep rock mass classification framework accounting for THM environments is constructed, establishing a quality evaluation logic that integrates rock mass composition, rock mass environments, and excavation disturbance factors. Future research on deep rock mass classification should emphasize the synergy between mechanism-driven models and intelligent algorithms. This study provides a theoretical reference for the future integration of large multimodal geological models and autonomous agents, which is based on the construction of an intelligent tunnel construction system with autonomous perception, continuous learning, and dynamic collaborative decision-making capabilities.

关键词

深部隧道 / 围岩分级 / 人工智能 / 热水力环境 / 可解释性

Key words

deep tunnel / rock mass classification / artificial intelligence / thermo-hydro-mechanical environment / interpretability

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
李天斌,马俊杰,高东源. 深部隧道围岩分级——传统体系演进与极端环境挑战的应对[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(4): 840-855 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2026051501

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基金资助

地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLGP2026K019)

国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130719)

四川省科技计划资助项目(2025NSFSC2003)

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