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摘要
古潜山油气藏是中国近海油气增储上产的核心战略接替领域,但其成藏规律复杂、勘探难度大,现有研究缺乏全海域系统性理论总结。本文以涠西南凹陷碳酸盐岩、蓬莱 9-1 花岗岩潜山为核心,结合岩心、薄片、包裹体、热年代学及数值模拟等手段,系统梳理中国近海古潜山油气地质理论体系与勘探前景。研究表明,2 类潜山均经历基底形成、隆升剥蚀与构造定型 3 个阶段,分别形成负反转构造与岩浆底辟控山机制。成储均受构造与表生改造耦合控制,其中碳酸盐岩潜山受优势岩性、断裂与岩溶协同作用,以“岩溶−裂缝”型为主;花岗岩潜山受抗风化能力、断裂及古地貌制约,以“风化壳−裂缝”型为主。成藏均呈“新生古储”特征,涠西南凹陷由单凹近源供给、断缝网络输导,于上新世晚期大规模成藏;蓬莱 9-1 受多凹联合供烃、深大断裂输导,在风化壳顶部富集。在此基础上,明确了碳酸盐岩内幕与花岗岩风化壳是近海未来核心勘探领域,剖析了古潜山深层油气成藏等关键难题,为勘探提供系统理论支撑。
Abstract
Buried hill hydrocarbon reservoirs constitute a core strategic field for oil and gas reserves and production growth in offshore China. However, they are characterized by complex hydrocarbon accumulation processes and high exploration difficulty, and existing research lacks a systematic theoretical summary of the entire sea area. Based on macro-statistical analysis of tens of thousands of square kilometers of high-precision 3D seismic data and thousands of deep exploration wells across offshore China, this paper selects the carboniferous carbonate buried hills in Weixinan Sag and the Penglai 9-1 Mesozoic granite buried hills as typical “dual-endmember” case studies to clarify their current petroleum geological theoretical system and exploration prospects. The results indicate that both major types of core buried hills follow a three-stage evolutionary law of “basement construction–uplift and denudation–finalization and reformation”. Driven by different regional dynamic settings, these buried hills have formed via differentiated mountain-forming mechanisms dominated by negative inversion structures and deep magmatic diapirs, respectively. Reservoir development in both cases is controlled by the coupling of tectonic fracturing and supergene reformation. Specifically, the carbonate buried hills are co-regulated by dominant lithology, fault systems, and multi-stage karstification, resulting in a dominance of “karst-fracture” composite reservoirs. In contrast, the development of granite buried hills is constrained by mineral weathering potential, fracturing, and paleogeomorphology, exhibiting a distinct “weathering crust-fracture” reservoir pattern with vertical pseudo-layered zonation. Hydrocarbon accumulation in both types presents a typical “young-source and old-reservoir” characteristic. Weixinan Sag is best represented by an accumulation model driven by a single-sag near-source supply, transport via a fault-fracture network, and large-scale late-stage charging during the Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, the Penglai 9-1 oilfield features a large-scale composite accumulation pattern characterized by a combined multi-sag supply, deep major fault domination, and pulse-like charging of abnormal high-temperature thermal fluids, which occurred approximately 3.2 Ma (Pliocene), leading to extensive oil enrichment within the top weathering crust. On this basis, carbonate inner buried hills and granite weathering crusts are identified as the two core strategic domains for future offshore exploration. Furthermore, key technical problems such as deep oil and gas accumulation in ancient buried hills are thoroughly analyzed, providing systematic theoretical support for future hydrocarbon exploration in offshore China.
关键词
Key words
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徐国盛,石琦,徐昉昊,王国芝,谢兵,张喜淳,李安然.
中国近海古潜山油气地质理论与勘探前景[J].
成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 53(4): 915-934 DOI:10.12474/cdlgzrkx.2026052101
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基金资助
国家自然科学青年基金项目(42302186)
中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司项目(CCL2023ZJFN0540)