中医“治未病”指导口腔-全身抗衰老机制与干预策略^*

Oral-Systemic Antiaging Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies Guided by Traditional Chinese Medicine Principle of Preventive Treatment of Disease

摘要

在全球人口老龄化背景下，衰老相关性疾病已成为重大公共卫生挑战，其核心病理基础炎性衰老与口腔健康状态密切相关。当前该领域存在口腔与全身防治割裂、缺乏阻断口腔-全身恶性循环的系统性策略等瓶颈问题。本文从口腔-全身双向调控抗衰老的机制与干预策略两个方面着手进行综述，提出口腔是全身衰老的前驱预警窗口，深入剖析了口腔-全身通过免疫-炎症网络形成双向恶性循环的深层机制，并从分子层面揭示了脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide, LPS）/Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4, TLR-4）/核因子-κB（nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB）、晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products, AGEs）/晚期糖基化终末产物受体（receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE）及口-脑神经反馈三条关键途径。在此基础上，构建了以中医治未病思想为指导、覆盖全生命周期的三级协同干预体系，并以多学科协作为横向支撑，实现“预警-干预-康复”一体化新模式，为应对老龄化挑战提供融合中医整体观与现代生命科学的解决方案。

Abstract

Population aging has become a global issue, and aging-related diseases have emerged as a major public health challenge. Inflammatory aging-the fundamental pathological basis of aging-related diseases-is closely associated with oral health status. However, current research and clinical practice remain limited by bottleneck issues, such as the separation of oral and systemic prevention and treatment strategies and the lack of systematic approaches to break the oral-systemic vicious cycle. This review addresses both the mechanisms and intervention strategies of the bidirectional oral-systemic regulation in anti-aging. We propose that the oral cavity serves as a precursory warning window for systemic aging and provide an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms by which the oral cavity and the whole body form a bidirectional vicious pathogenic cycle through the immune-inflammatory network. At the molecular level, 3 key pathways are highlighted, including the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) axis, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) axis, and the oral-brain neural feedback pathway. On this basis and under the guidance of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of preventive treatment of disease, a three-tier collaborative intervention system covering the entire life course is proposed. Supported by multidisciplinary collaboration, a new integrated model incorporating early warning, intervention, and rehabilitation is established, thereby providing a comprehensive solution that integrates the holistic approach of TCM with modern life sciences to address the challenges of population aging.

关键词

治未病 / 抗衰老 / 口腔-全身 / 慢性炎症 / 中西医协同干预 / 综述

Key words

Preventive treatment of disease / Antiaging / Oral-systemic / Chronic inflammation / Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine intervention / Review

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基金资助

*四川省自然科学基金(2026NSFSC0492)