口腔菌群的增龄性变化^*

Age-Related Changes in the Oral Microbiota

摘要

人体微生物组由寄居于人体不同部位的微生物群落及其遗传信息共同构成，在维持宿主健康方面发挥重要作用。作为人体微生物组的重要组成部分，口腔菌群在维持口腔微生态稳态、调节局部免疫反应、参与营养代谢及影响全身健康中发挥关键作用。生命早期的口腔微生物初始定植为后续菌群发展和终身口腔健康奠定基础，同时其菌群变化与多种口腔及全身疾病密切相关。本文系统综述口腔菌群在婴幼儿期、儿童及青少年期、成年期和老年期的增龄性演替规律，分析各年龄段与菌群失调相关的口腔疾病，探讨影响口腔菌群增龄性变化的宿主、微环境和外源性等因素，并总结基于微生态调节的干预策略，以期为理解口腔菌群增龄性变化及构建全生命周期口腔微生态健康管理模式提供参考。

Abstract

The human microbiome consists of microbial communities inhabiting different body sites and their genetic information, and plays an important role in maintaining host health. As an important component of the human microbiome, the oral microbiota contributes to maintaining oral microbial homeostasis, regulating local immune responses, participating in nutrient metabolism, and modulating systemic health. Initial colonization of the oral microbiota in early life lays the foundation for subsequent microbial development and lifelong oral health, and alterations in the oral microbiota are closely associated with various oral and systemic diseases. This review systematically summarizes the age-related succession of the oral microbiota across infancy, childhood and adolescence, adulthood, and old age; analyzes oral diseases associated with microbial dysbiosis at different life stages; discusses host-related, microenvironmental, and exogenous factors influencing age-related changes in the oral microbiota; and summarizes intervention strategies based on microbial ecological regulation. This review aims to provide new insights into age-related changes in the oral microbiota and to support the development of a life-course oral microbial health management model.

关键词

增龄性 / 口腔菌群 / 微生态 / 综述

Key words

Age-related / Oral microbiota / Microecology / Review

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金(32470205)