CRISPR/Cas系统在临床耐药菌快速检测中的应用研究进展^*

Research Progress on the Application of CRISPR/Cas System in Rapid Testing of Drug-Resistant Bacteria in Clinical Practice

摘要

抗菌药物的滥用使得抗微生物药物耐药性成为危害全球公共健康的重大威胁之一，如何高效地实现耐药菌和耐药基因的便捷快速检测是控制感染扩散、维护人类健康的关键举措。然而传统的检测方法（如分离培养、PCR等）在检测速度、成本效益、便捷性等方面存在明显局限，越来越难以满足当下的临床检测需求。在此背景下，CRISPR/Cas系统作为一种新兴的分子诊断技术，为该领域提供了创新解决方案。本文详细介绍CRISPR/Cas系统发展现状及其在临床耐药菌快速检测中应用研究进展，系统阐述了多种基于CRISPR/Cas系统研发的检测平台（如SHERLOCK、DETECTR、HOLMES等）的工作原理和效能，并重点突出CRISPR/Cas系统在检测领域的灵敏、特异、高效、实时、便携和低成本等优势。此外，本文还探讨了CRISPR/Cas系统面临的挑战，包括对临床样本直接检测、多重检测、检测成本、临床验证和标准化等问题。最后，本文展望了未来的发展方向，强调聚焦技术创新与临床转化使得CRISPR/Cas系统成为耐药菌防控的高效工具。

Abstract

The misuse of antimicrobial agents has made antimicrobial resistance one of the major threats to global public health. Efficient and rapid detection of drug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes is crucial for controlling infection spread and safeguarding human health. However, traditional detection methods (such as culture isolation, polymerase chain reaction, etc.) exhibit significant limitations in detection speed, cost-effectiveness, and convenience, increasingly failing to meet current clinical testing demands. In this context, the CRISPR/Cas system, as an emerging molecular diagnostic technology, offers innovative solutions for this field. This review details the developmental status of CRISPR/Cas systems and their research progress in rapid clinical detection of drug-resistant bacteria. It systematically explains the working principles and efficacy of various CRISPR/Cas-based detection platforms (e.g., SHERLOCK, DETECTR, HOLMES), highlighting the system's advantages in sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, real-time capability, portability, and low cost. Additionally, the article discusses challenges faced by CRISPR/Cas systems, including direct clinical sample detection, multiplex testing, cost reduction, clinical validation, and standardization. Finally, it outlines future development directions, emphasizing technological innovation and clinical translation to establish CRISPR/Cas systems as efficient tools for drug-resistant bacteria prevention and control.

关键词

CRISPR/Cas系统 / 耐药菌 / 快速检测 / 核酸靶标 / 综述

Key words

CRISPR/Cas system / Drug-resistant bacteria / Rapid detection / Nucleic acid targets / Review

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金(82302538)