鲜食型甘薯品种‘普薯32号’脱毒苗表型及品质性状分析

Phenotype and quality analysis of virus-free seedlings of sweet potato variety ‘Pushu 32’

摘要

【目的】获得安徽省阜阳市主栽甘薯品种的脱毒苗，并分析其与带毒苗的表型、产量及品质差异。【方法】通过病毒检测明确主栽品种的病毒感染情况，并通过茎尖分生组织培养技术对带毒植株进行脱毒，获得了‘普薯32号’的脱毒苗；进一步对‘普薯32号’的脱毒苗和带毒植株室内及田间表型和产量性状进行分析。【结果】（1）安徽省阜阳市4个主栽甘薯品种的带毒率存在差异。（2）成功获得了‘普薯32号’的再生植株，且再生植株RT-PCR检测结果显示该品种所携带的4种病毒均已被脱除。（3）温室培养的‘普薯32号’脱毒苗在植株形态及根质量等方面均优于带病毒植株；此外，脱毒苗叶片净光合速率高于带病毒植株。（4）田间生长的‘普薯32号’脱毒苗在大田收获期的表型性状和产量结构指标均优于带病毒植株；此外，脱毒苗的干物质率、淀粉含量、可溶性糖及还原糖含量均高于带病毒植株。【结论】本研究成功获得了‘普薯32号’脱毒苗，其表型性状、产量及品质指标均优于带病毒植株，达到了提纯复壮的目的。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aimed to obtain virus-free seedlings of the main sweet potato varieties in Fuyang City, Anhui Province, and analyze the differences in phenotype, yield, and quality between them and the virus-carrying seedlings. [Method] Viral detection was conducted to confirm the presence of viral infection, and the virus-free seedlings of ‘Pushu 32’ were obtained by treating infected plants with meristem culture; the phenotypic traits and yield characteristics of both the virus-free ‘Pushu 32’ seedlings and the infected plants were analyzed under both greenhouse and field conditions. [Result] (1) The virus infection rates of four major sweet potato cultivars in Fuyang City, Anhui Province varied significantly. (2) The regenerated plants of ‘Pushu 32’ were successfully obtained, and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that all four viruses carried by this cultivar had been eradicated. (3) Greenhouse-grown virus-free ‘Pushu 32’ seedlings exhibited superior morphological traits and root mass compared to infected plants. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate of virus-free seedlings was higher than that of the infected plants. (4) Field-grown virus-free ‘Pushu 32’ seedlings demonstrated superior phenotypic traits and yield structure indicators at harvest. Furthermore, the virus-free seedlings showed higher dry matter content, starch content, soluble sugar content, and reducing sugar content than the infected plants. [Conclusion] Virus-free seedlings of ‘Pushu 32’ were successfully obtained, which showed superior phenotypic traits, yield, and quality indicators compared to virus-infected plants, achieving the goal of purification and rejuvenation.

关键词

甘薯 / ‘普薯 32 号’ / 脱毒 / 表型性状 / 产量及品质

Key words

sweet potato / ‘Pushu 32’ / virus-free / phenotypic traits / yield and quality

参考文献

[1] 陆漱韵, 刘庆昌, 李惟基. 甘薯育种学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998.

[2] 原欣语, 赵霞. 中国甘薯生产布局变迁及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2025, 46(7): 111-121.

[3] 王欣, 李强, 曹清河, 等. 中国甘薯产业和种业发展现状与未来展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 483-492.

[4] 冯丽婷, 张剑峰, 迟胜起. 甘薯4种RNA病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(4): 206-211.

[5] 李华伟, 刘中华, 张鸿, 等. 福建甘薯病毒病病原鉴定及主要病毒多样性[J]. 微生物学通报, 2019, 46(12): 3267-3277.

[6] CLARK C A, DAVIS J A, ABAD J A, et al. Sweetpotato viruses: 15 years of progress on understanding and managing complex diseases[J]. Plant Dis, 2012, 96(2): 168-185.

[7] 张新新, 王旭芳, 林坚淳, 等. 甘薯毁灭性病毒病害(SPVD)的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(1): 118-126.

[8] GU Y H, TAO X, LAI X J, et al. Exploring the polyadenylated RNA virome of sweet potato through high-throughput sequencing[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(6): e98884.

[9] WANJALA B W, ATEKA E M, MIANO D W, et al. Storage root yield of sweetpotato as influenced by sweetpotato leaf curl virus and its interaction with sweetpotato feathery mottle virus and sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus in Kenya[J]. Plant Dis, 2020, 104(5): 1477-1486.

[10] 任凤仪, 房伯平, 高峰. 蛋白质技术在甘薯病毒病研究的应用[J]. 广东农业科学, 2008, 35(S1): 59-62.

[11] 赵付枚, 王爽, 田雨婷, 等. 甘薯病毒病发生关键因素研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(15): 3232-3240.

[12] AWAIS Z, REN H, ZHANG J, et al. Molecular characterization of two isolates of sweet potato leaf curl virus infecting Ipomoea indica in China[J]. Afr J Biotechnol, 2011, 10(45): 9061-9067.

[13] NIELSEN L W. Elimination of internal cork virus by culturing apical meristems of infected sweet potatoes[J]. Phytopathology, 1960, 50: 840-841.

[14] 唐丽, 邹永祥, 涂雅珍, 等. 植物组培脱毒技术在甘薯上的应用研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2008, 21(3): 882-884.

[15] XU Y, WANG L X, CHEN C, et al. Virus-free sweet potato industry: development status and production suggestions[J]. Horticulturae, 2024, 10(9): 979.

[16] 蒋晓璐, 范泽民. 阜阳地区甘薯生产现状与茎线虫病分布[J]. 现代农业科技, 2016(1): 182-184.

[17] 张允刚, 房伯平. 甘薯种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.

[18] 张军华, 陈丹艳, 卢有琦, 等. 基于碳同化的群体光合速率测量系统设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(3): 357-367.

[19] 仵发静, 刘雅婷, 李晶, 等. 植物病毒适应性机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2012, 28(10): 30-34.

[20] RYBICKI E P, PIETERSEN G. Plant virus disease problems in the developing world[M]//Advances in Virus Research Volume 53. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999: 127-175.

[21] 尤小婷, 经福林, 张曼其, 等. 植物组织培养褐化现象的发生及防治措施[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2024, 43(2): 34-39.

[22] 陈菲, 李黎, 宫伟. 植物组织培养的防褐化探讨[J]. 北方园艺, 2005(2): 69.

[23] 娄兵海, 白先进, 陈爱军, 等. 广西葡萄良种脱毒研究进展[J]. 中国南方果树, 2019, 48(2): 153-155.

[24] 孙琦, 张春庆. 植物脱毒与检测研究进展[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 34(2): 307-310.

[25] BARKESSA M K E. A review on sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) viruses and associated diseases[J]. Int J Res Agric For, 2018, 5(1): 1-10.

[26] MCGREGOR C E, MIANO D W, LABONTE D R, et al. Differential gene expression of resistant and susceptible sweetpotato plants after infection with the causal agents of sweet potato virus disease[J]. J Am Soc Hortic Sci, 2009, 134(6): 658-666.

[27] SHI J, ZHAO L, YAN B Y, et al. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the transcriptional alterations in growth- and development-related genes in sweet potato plants infected and non-infected by SPFMV SPV2 and SPVG[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(5): 1012.

[28] WANG Q M, ZHANG L M, WANG B, et al. Sweetpotato viruses in China[J]. Crop Prot, 2010, 29(2): 110-114.

[29] 韩瑞华, 张自启, 刘长营, 等. 脱毒甘薯不同世代对产量的影响[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2014, 60(11): 11-13.

基金资助

安徽省重点研发项目(1804g07020161)

安徽农业大学新农村发展研究院皖西北综合试验站特色产业联盟项目(KJ20240718)