哈密瓜根结线虫种类鉴定及药剂对其二龄幼虫和卵的毒力测定

Identification of root-knot nematodes in Hami melon and the virulence determination of pesticides against its second-stage juveniles and eggs

摘要

【目的】明确海南东方市新龙镇下通村哈密瓜根结线虫病病原种类及4个药剂对其二龄幼虫和卵的影响。【方法】采用五点取样方法，对哈密瓜种植大棚进行根结线虫调查取样，采用SCAR-PCR方法鉴定其根结线虫种类；采用毒力测定法，测定4个药剂对哈密瓜根结线虫二龄幼虫的LC₅₀值，并采用浸泡法观察其对卵孵化的影响。【结果】为害海南东方市新龙镇下通村哈密瓜的根结线虫种类为象耳豆根结线虫；药剂处理二龄幼虫24 h时，80%乙蒜素EC的致死作用最好，LC₅₀仅为0.006 mg·L^-1；处理48 h时41.7%氟吡菌酰胺SC的致死作用最好，LC₅₀仅为0.010 mg·L^-1。药剂处理卵粒，随着处理时间的延长，1.8%阿维菌素EC的抑制作用比较稳定，而41.7%氟吡菌酰胺SC的抑制率则逐渐升高。【结论】海南东方市新龙镇下通村哈密瓜根结线虫种类为象耳豆根结线虫，80%乙蒜素EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和41.7%氟吡菌酰胺SC均表现出较好的抑杀效果。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aimed to identify the species of root-knot nematodes causing disease in Hami melons in Xiatong Village, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province, and to evaluate the effects of 4 pesticides on the second-stage juveniles and eggs of these nematodes. [Method] A five-point sampling method was used to investigate and collect root-knot nematode samples from Hami melon greenhouses, and the species of root-knot nematodes was identified by the SCAR-PCR method. The virulence determination method was applied to measure the LC₅₀ values of the 4 pesticides against the second-stage juveniles of Hami melon root-knot nematodes, and the immersion method was used to observe the effects of these pesticides on the egg hatching. [Result] The root-knot nematode species infesting Hami melons in Xiatong Village, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province was identified as Meloidogyne enterolobii. When the second-stage juveniles were treated with pesticides for 24 h, 80% ethyl allicin EC showed the best lethal effect, with an LC₅₀ of only 0.006 mg·L^-1. After 48 h of treatment, 41.7% fluopyram SC exhibited the optimal lethal effect, with an LC₅₀ of merely 0.010 mg·L^-1. For the treatment of nematode eggs, the inhibitory effect of 1.8% abamectin EC was relatively stable, however, the inhibition rate of 41.7% flupyridamide SC gradually increased. [Conclusion] The root-knot nematode infesting Hami melons in Xiatong Village, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province is M. enterolobii. Among the tested pesticides, 80% ethyl allicin EC, 1.8% abamectin EC, and 41.7% fluopyram SC all demonstrate good nematicidal and inhibitory effects.

关键词

根结线虫 / 鉴定 / 毒力测定 / 抑制率 / 农药

Key words

root-knot nematode / identification / virulence determination / inhibition rate / pesticide

参考文献

[1] 王孟萍, 赵晶, 许环茹, 等. 海南省哈密瓜根结线虫病原种类鉴定[J]. 植物保护, 2024, 50(6): 112-117.

[2] SAIDOVA S, ESHOVA H, MIRZALIYEVA G, et al. Distribution of root-knot nematodes on agricultural plants, harm and their host plants[J]. Bull Natl Univ Uzbekistan Math Nat Sci, 2020, 3(3): 375-387.

[3] ZIJLSTRA C, DONKERS-VENNE T H M, FARGETTE M. Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. Arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays[J]. Nematology, 2000, 2(8): 847-853.

[4] JANSSEN T, KARSSEN G, VERHAECEN M, et al. Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root- knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) identifies highly variable regions for molecular barcoding[J]. Phytopathology, 2016, 106(7), 663-672.

[5] OKA Y. From old-generation to next-generation nematicides[J]. Agronomy, 2020, 10(9): 1387.

[6] 万新龙, 李建洪, 彭德良. 根结线虫rDNA-ITS片段的克隆与序列分析[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2007(5): 624-628.

[7] MENG Q P, LONG H, XU J H. PCR assays for rapid and sensitive identification of three major root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria[J]. Acta Phytopathol Sin, 2004, 34: 204-210.

[8] LONG H, LIU H, XU J H. Development of a PCR diagnostic for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii[J]. Acta Phytopathol Sin, 2006, 36(2): 109-115.

[9] ZIJLSTRA C. Identification of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. Fallax and M. hapla based on scar-PCR: a powerful way of enabling reliable identification of populations or individuals that share common traits[J]. Eur J Plant Pathol, 2000, 106(3): 283-290.

[10] 中华人民共和国农业部.农药室内生物测定试验准则杀线虫剂第1部分抑制植物病原线虫试验浸虫法: NY/T 1833. 1- 2009[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2010.

[11] 李秋捷, 陆秀红, 黄金玲, 等. 不同药剂对南方根结线虫的室内毒力测定[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018, 59(8): 1432-1433.

[12] GIANNAKOU I O, KARPOUZAS D G, ANASTASIADES I, et al. Factors affecting the efficacy of non-fumigant nematicides for controlling root-knot nematodes[J]. Pest Manag Sci, 2005, 61(10): 961-972.

[13] 贾春生. 利用SPSS软件计算杀虫剂的LC₅₀[J]. 昆虫知识, 2006, 43(3): 414-417.

[14] 练冬梅, 赖正锋, 姚运法, 等. 不同地区黄秋葵根结线虫的SCAR鉴定及其防治[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2021, 49(3): 95-98.

[15] 龙海波, 孙艳芳, 白成, 等. 海南省象耳豆根结线虫的鉴定研究[J]. 热带作物学报, 2015, 36(2): 371-376.

[16] 李周容, 龙海波, 孙燕芳, 等. 海南省蔬菜根结线虫发生种类与分布[J]. 植物保护, 2020, 46(6): 213-216.

[17] 杨雪婷, 杨紫薇, 丁晓帆. 3种药剂对象耳豆根结线虫卵及2龄幼虫的影响[J]. 植物保护, 2022, 48(2): 145-150.

[18] 邹雅新, 李秀花, 张小风, 等. 噻唑膦对南方根结线虫的作用方式[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2011, 34(5): 78-81.

基金资助

海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2022XDNY336)

海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2022XDNY257)