‘巴梨’炭疽病病原菌的分子鉴定及其生防菌筛选

Molecular identification and biocontrol agent screening for anthracnose pathogens in ‘Bartlett’ pears

摘要

【目的】梨炭疽病严重危害梨叶片及果实，易造成重大经济损失。为有效防控该病害，本研究旨在鉴定侵染西洋梨的炭疽病病原菌种类，并筛选对其有效的生防菌。【方法】从典型病果组织中分离纯化获得3株炭疽菌（Bali-1—Bali-3），结合多基因系统发育分析及致病性测定，确定致病菌种类。【结果】（1）Bali-1鉴定为暹罗炭疽菌（Colletotrichum siamense），Bali-2和Bali-3鉴定为果生炭疽菌（Colletotrichum fructicola）。（2）筛选获得葡萄有孢汉逊酵母（Hanseniaspora uvarum，Huv1）和美极梅奇酵母（Metschnikowia pulcherrima，Mp1）。（3）平板抑菌试验结果表明，Huv1和Mp1对3种病原菌均表现出良好抑菌效果，其中Huv1的抑菌率分别为38.9%、40.7%和44.2%，Mp1的抑菌率分别为34.6%、8.7%和27.7%。果实防效试验结果表明，Huv1和Mp1可在不同程度上抑制Bali-1和Bali-2的生长。【结论】本研究明确了‘巴梨’炭疽病的优势病原菌为暹罗炭疽菌和果生炭疽菌，并筛选出对上述病原菌具有显著防治潜力的生防酵母菌株Huv1和Mp1，为梨炭疽病的生物防治提供了理论依据与菌种资源。

Abstract

[Objective] Pear anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, severely affects pear leaves and fruits, leading to significant economic losses. To effectively control this disease, this study aimed to identify the pathogenic species responsible for anthracnose in European pears and screen for effective biocontrol yeasts. [Method] Three Colletotrichum isolates (Bali-1-Bali-3) were purified and identified through pathogen isolation and purification, multilocus phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests. [Result] (1) Bali-1 was identified as Colletotrichum siamense, while Bali-2 and Bali-3 were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola. (2) Two biocontrol yeast strains, Hanseniaspora uvarum (Huv1) and Metschnikowia pulcherrima (Mp1), were selected and both showed significant inhibitory effects against the three pathogenic strains. (3) Plate inhibition assay results indicated that both Huv1 and Mp1 exhibited good inhibitory effects against the three pathogens. Specifically, the inhibition rates of Huv1 were 38.9%, 40.7%, and 44.2%, respectively, while those of Mp1 were 34.6%, 8.7%, and 27.7%, respectively. The fruit efficacy test showed that Huv1 and Mp1 inhibited the growth of the pathogens Bali-1 and Bali-2 to varying degrees. [Conclusion] This study clarifies that the dominant pathogens causing anthracnose in ‘Bartlett’ pears are C. siamense and C. fructicola, and identifies two promising biocontrol yeast strains, Huv1 and Mp1, providing a theoretical basis and microbial resources for the biological control of pear anthracnose.

关键词

‘巴梨’ / 炭疽病 / 病菌鉴定 / 多基因系统发育分析 / 生防菌筛选

Key words

‘Bartlett’ pear / anthracnose / pathogen identification / multi-locus phylogenetic analysis / biocon- trol agent screening

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32302484)

国家现代农业（梨）产业技术体系项目(CARS-28-14)