松材线虫病疫区黑松的气候敏感性差异及其水分机制研究

Variations in climate sensitivity and water use mechanisms of Pinus thunbergii in a pine wilt disease zone

摘要

【目的】松材线虫病是导致黑松（Pinus thunbergii）大面积死亡的关键因素，而气候变化亦可能通过调控树木的生理适应性影响其抗病能力。本研究旨在通过解析感病、死亡与健康黑松在气候敏感性及水分生理机制上的差异，揭示黑松易感松材线虫病的内在生理机制及感病后水分生理的变化规律，为黑松的抗病选育与病害治理提供依据。【方法】本研究以山东长岛黑松为对象，综合运用树轮气候学与稳定同位素技术，解析树木径向生长、水分利用效率（WUE）及水源利用策略对气候变化的响应，揭示其与松材线虫致死的关联机制。【结果】1）感病黑松在健康阶段的年轮已表现出比持续健康黑松更高的气候敏感性（年轮参数指示更强的气候限制、年轮指数变化幅度更大，且与气温、降水等因子相关性更强），其气候高敏感性与松材线虫病易感性存在一定关联；2）感病黑松通过提高WUE（增加0.22 g·kg^-1）应对水分胁迫，但针叶水势（−13.95 MPa和−9.60 MPa）显著低于健康个体（−7.53 MPa和−6.01 MPa），反映水分输导系统受损；3）氢氧同位素示踪表明，感病黑松对浅层土壤水（0~60 cm）的利用比例明显升高，反映根系功能衰竭，水分来源更不稳定，以及水力系统面临崩溃。【结论】本研究提出“气候-水分-病害”协同作用机制，即气候变暖通过增强水分胁迫降低黑松抗性，而松材线虫侵染进一步破坏水分运输，形成正反馈循环，这一发现为预测气候变化下黑松林的发展趋势提供了生理生态学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Pine wilt disease is a key factor in the widespread mortality of Pinus thunbergii, and climate change may also influence the disease resistance of P. thunbergii by regulating its physiological adaptation. Investigating the differences in climate sensitivity and water relations among infected, dead, and healthy black pines will reveal the intrinsic physiological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of black pine to pine wilt disease and the patterns of post-infection changes in water physiological, informing strategies for breeding and controlling disease in black pines. [Method] This study investigated symptomatic and healthy Japanese black pines in Changdao, Shandong Province, integrating dendroclimatological and stable isotope techniques to analyze the responses of radial growth, water use efficiency (WUE), and water source strategies to climate change, thereby elucidating their association with PWD-induced mortality. [Result] 1) The tree rings of infected trees already exhibited higher climate sensitivity during their healthy stage compared to persistently healthy pines, as reflected in stronger climatic constraints in ring parameters, greater variability in ring index, and stronger correlations with temperature and precipitation. This heightened climate sensitivity was associated with increased susceptibility to PWD. 2) Infected pines responded to water stress by increasing WUE (WUE increased by 0.22 g·kg^-1), but exhibited significantly lower needle water potentials (−13.95 MPa and −9.60 MPa) than healthy individuals (−7.53 MPa and −6.01 MPa), indicating impaired water transport systems. 3) Hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracing revealed a significantly higher proportion of shallow soil water (0-60 cm) usage in infected trees, reflecting root dysfunction, reliance on more unstable water sources, and impending hydraulic failure. [Conclusion] This study proposes a “climate-water- pathogen” synergistic mechanism: climate warming exacerbates water stress and reduces pine resistance, while nematode infection further disrupts water transport, forming a positive feedback loop. These insights provide a physio-ecological basis for predicting the dynamics of black pine forests under climate change.

关键词

黑松 / 树木年轮 / 松材线虫病 / 稳定同位素 / 水分利用效率 / 气候响应

Key words

Pinus thunbergii / tree rings / pine wilt disease / stable isotope / water utilization / climate response

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42001021)

中国博士后面上基金项目(2019M662427)

山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2020QD005)