初配日龄和体质量对宣和母猪产仔哺育性能的影响

Effects of first mating age and body mass on litter and nursing performance in Xuanhe sows

摘要

【目的】明确宣和母猪的最佳初配日龄与体质量参数组合，为科学调控其繁殖性能及优化种群管理提供依据。【方法】选取2017—2020年宣和猪核心群的671头后备纯繁母猪，将初配日龄划分为5个梯度（181~210 d、211~240 d、241~270 d、271~300 d和301~330 d），初配体质量划分为3个水平（90~100 kg、101~110 kg和111~120 kg），运用最小二乘模型系统分析初配日龄和体质量对8项头胎产仔哺育性能指标的影响。【结果】初配日龄为211~240 d的母猪在繁殖性能上表现最佳，其总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生重、21日龄成活数、21日龄窝重、断奶成活数和断奶窝重均显著高于241~270 d、271~300 d及301~330 d组（P <0.01或P <0.05）。初配体质量为101~110 kg的母猪在多数繁殖指标上优于其他组，其总产仔数、产活仔数、21日龄成活数、21日龄窝重及断奶成活数均显著高于90~100 kg与111~120 kg组（P <0.05或P <0.01）。互作效应分析进一步表明，当初配日龄为211~240 d且体质量为101~110 kg时，母猪的产仔哺育性能达到最优，并显著优于大部分其他参数组合（P <0.01或P <0.05）。【结论】宣和后备母猪的推荐初配参数为日龄211~240 d、体质量101~110 kg。本研究可为制定合理初配策略、充分挖掘宣和母猪的繁殖潜力提供科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of first mating age and body mass for Xuanhe sows, providing a basis for scientifically regulating their reproductive efficiency and optimizing population management. [Method] A total of 671 reserve purebred gilts from the core population of Xuanhe pigs from 2017 to 2020 were selected. First mating age was divided into five gradients (181-210 d, 211-240 d, 241-270 d, 271-300 d, and 301-330 d), and first mating body mass was classified into three levels (90-100 kg, 101-110 kg, and 111-120 kg). A least squares model was used to systematically analyze the effects of first mating age and body mass on eight litter and nursing performance traits. [Result] Sows with a first mating age of 211-240 d exhibited the best reproductive performance; their total litter size, live litter size, birth litter weight, birth weight, number of piglets at 21 d, litter weight at 21 d, number of piglets at weaning, and litter weight at weaning were significantly higher than those of sows with first mating ages of 241-270 d, 271-300 d, and 301-330 d (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Sows with a first mating body mass of 101-110 kg showed the best reproductive performance; their total litter size, live litter size, number of piglets at 21 d, litter weight at 21 d, and number of piglets at weaning were significantly higher than those of sows with first mating body masses of 90-100 kg and 111-120 kg (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Interaction effect analysis further indicated that when first mating age was 211-240 d and body mass was 101-110 kg, sow reproductive performance reached optimal levels and was significantly higher than most other combinations (P <0.05 or P <0.01). [Conclusion] The recommended first mating parameters for Xuanhe gilts are 211-240 days of age and 101-110 kg body mass. This study provides a scientific basis for developing rational first mating strategies and fully realizing the reproductive potential of Xuanhe sows.

关键词

宣和母猪 / 初配日龄 / 初配体质量 / 产仔哺育性能

Key words

Xuanhe sow / first mating age / first mating body mass / reproductive performance

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基金资助

云南省生猪产业技术体系项目(2023KJX0016)

云南省宣威市宣和猪产业科技特派团项目(202104BI090022)

国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1601902)