基于 RUSLE 模型和地理探测器的宣城市 多年土壤侵蚀时空变化特征研究

Study on spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil erosion in Xuancheng city over multiple years based on GeoDetector and RUSLE model

摘要

【目的】阐明宣城市2000—2020年土壤侵蚀的空间分布规律，为该市土壤侵蚀防治提供科学依据。【方法】基于RUSLE（revised universal soil loss equation）模型与地理探测器，结合多源数据计算土壤侵蚀模数与侵蚀量，定量解析自然与人为因素对宣城市多年土壤侵蚀的解释力及其驱动作用。【结果】2000—2020年，宣城市绝大部分区域土壤侵蚀速率低于500 t·km^-2·a^-1，土壤侵蚀速率自北向南（从郎溪县至绩溪县）呈递增趋势。各时期土壤侵蚀面积范围在11 879.60~12 181.22 km²，多年总面积总体稳定，无显著变化；单一因子对土壤侵蚀的解释力随年土壤侵蚀模数的增大而增强。在低侵蚀年份，植被覆盖度对土壤侵蚀的影响显著大于其他因子；在中、高侵蚀年份，降雨量与海拔的影响逐渐增强。植被覆盖度与其他因子的交互作用对土壤侵蚀的解释力均高于其他因子两两交互作用，其中植被覆盖度与海拔或坡度的交互解释力最强，其次依次为土壤砂粒含量、年降雨量和土地覆盖类型。2000—2020年，土壤侵蚀高风险区随侵蚀强度等级变化呈现明显迁移趋势，主要集中于中南部丘陵及南部山区等高降雨量区域，尤以植被覆盖度为50.6%~68.6%的中等覆盖区最为突出。【结论】宣城市土壤侵蚀受降雨、地形和植被覆盖等多因素协同影响，20余年间南方丘陵与山区的侵蚀程度显著高于北方平原；应在高海拔、陡坡区域重点治理植被覆盖不足问题，加强植树造林，并在强降雨年份的梅雨期强化水土流失防控。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the spatial soil erosion patterns in Xuancheng city from 2000 to 2020 and provide a scientific basis for soil erosion control in the city. [Method] The RUSLE (revised universal soil loss equation) model and geographical detector were used, combined with multi-source data, to calculate soil erosion modulus and erosion amount. Meanwhile, the explanatory power of natural and human factors on long-term soil erosion in Xuancheng city were quantitatively analyzed. [Result] From 2000 to 2020, the soil erosion rate in most areas of Xuancheng city was less than 500 (t·km^-2·a^-1), and the spatial pattern of soil erosion rate increased sequentially from north to south from Langxi county to Jixi county. The total soil erosion area in each period ranges from 11 879.60 to 12 181.22 km², over years the total annual soil erosion area tended to be stable with no the significant changes. The explanatory power of a single factor on soil erosion increased with the increase of annual soil erosion modulus. In low-erosion years, vegetation coverage had a much greater impact on soil erosion than other factors. In medium and high-erosion years, the impact of rainfall and altitude on soil erosion gradually increased compared with other factors. The interactive explanatory power of vegetation coverage with other factors on soil erosion was greater than that of the interaction between any two other factors. Among them, the interaction between vegetation coverage and altitude or slope had the strongest explanatory power on soil erosion, followed by soil sand content > annual rainfall > land cover type. The high-risk areas of soil erosion in Xuancheng city showed an obvious movement trend with the change of erosion year grades. From 2000 to 2020, the high-risk areas of soil erosion usually occurred in the central-southern hills and southern mountainous areas with high rainfall, especially in the medium vegetation coverage areas where vegetation coverage ranged from 50.6% to 68.6%. [Conclusion] Soil erosion in Xuancheng city was affected by the synergistic effect of multiple factors such as rainfall, terrain, and vegetation coverage. Over the past 20 years, soil erosion in the southern hills and mountainous areas was more serious than that in the northern plains. In areas with high altitude and steep slopes, priority should be given to managing areas with insufficient vegetation coverage through extensive afforestation, and soil and water loss should be controlled during the plum rain season in years with heavy rainfall.

关键词

宣城市 / 土壤侵蚀 / 时空变化 / RUSLE 模型 / 地理探测器

Key words

Xuancheng city / soil erosion / spatiotemporal changes / RUSEL model / GeoDetector

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基金资助

安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085QD112)

江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20241175)