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摘要
【目的】改善苹果园土壤环境,提高土壤养分有效性。【方法】在苹果园设置常规施肥(CK)、单施蚯蚓肥(T1)、单施生物菌肥(T2)及二者配施(T3)4 个处理,所有处理均进行地表覆膜。于花后不同时期分层((0,20] cm、(20,40] cm)采集土壤样品,测定土壤物理性质(含水量、容重、电导率)与化学性质(有机质、pH、全盐及速效养分),并测定成熟期苹果主要品质指标,采用 TOPSIS 法综合评价不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响。【结果】(1)各处理土壤含水量随土层加深而降低,容重则呈上升趋势;T3 处理显著提高(0,20] cm 土层的含水量(较 CK 增加 12.5%)并降低容重(降幅达 8.7%)。各处理土壤有机质、碱解氮及速效钾含量均在花后 90 d 达峰值,以 T3 处理提升效果最显著。(2)各施肥处理均显著降低土壤 pH 和全盐含量,其中 T3 处理对盐碱指标的改善效果最优。(3)T3 处理显著提高果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,显著降低总酸含量,综合提升了果实品质。【结论】TOPSIS 综合评价表明,蚯蚓肥与生物菌肥配施可协同改善土壤理化性质、优化养分供应并提升果实品质。
Abstract
[Objective] This study aimed to improve the soil environment and nutrient status. [Method] A field experiment was conducted with four treatments under surface mulching: conventional fertilization (CK), vermicompost alone (T1), biofertilizer alone (T2), and combined application of vermicompost and biofertilizer (T3). Soil samples were collected from two depths ((0,20] cm and (20,40] cm) at different stages after flowering. Soil physical properties (water content, bulk density, electrical conductivity) and chemical properties (organic matter, pH, total salt, and available nutrients) were analyzed. Key fruit quality indicators were measured at maturity, and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was employed for comprehensive evaluation. [Result] (1) Soil water content decreased with increasing soil depth across all treatments, while bulk density increased. T3 treatment significantly increased water content in the (0,20] cm layer by 12.5% and reduced bulk density by 8.7% compared with CK. Soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium contents peaked at 90 days after flowering, with the most pronounced increase observed in T3. (2) All fertilization treatments significantly reduced soil pH and total salt content, with T3 showing the greatest improvement in salinity indicators. (3) T3 treatment significantly increased fruit firmness and soluble solids content, significantly reduced total acid content, and comprehensively improved fruit quality. [Conclusion] TOPSIS analysis indicated that the combined application of vermicompost and biofertilizer synergistically improves soil organic matter and optimizes nutrient supply.
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贾永华,马军,褚燕南,岳海英,许泽华,李晓龙.
覆膜与增施肥对宁夏引黄灌区苹果园土壤性状及‘岩富 10 号’品质的影响[J].
安徽农业大学学报, 2026, 53(4): 607-616 DOI:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20260910.004
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基金资助
中央财政林业科技推广示范资助项目(2023ZY06)
国家苹果产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-25)