生物炭负载菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa对重金属Cd的去除

Removal of heavy metal Cd(Ⅱ) by biochar-loaded mineralizing strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa

摘要

【目的】在重金属修复方法中，细菌修复是一种相对清洁、高效且负面影响最小的方法。然而，细菌制剂在实际修复过程中会受到环境因素干扰、土著微生物竞争和重金属高毒性等影响，导致修复效果难以持久稳定，因此需要寻找合适的载体材料以提高菌株的修复效率。【方法】本研究首先从镉污染矿区土壤中筛选出耐受性功能菌，设置不同修复条件，探究生物炭负载功能细菌联合修复镉的效果，进而筛选出最佳修复条件；最后通过对菌株和生物炭的特性进行表征分析和动力学分析，揭示生物炭—微生物协同矿化重金属镉的机理。【结果】本研究从安徽某矿区重金属污染土壤中分离出一株 Cd（Ⅱ）耐受菌株 S3，经 16S rRNA 测序鉴定为Pseudomonas aeruginosa。将该菌株负载于生物炭上，通过比较不同修复条件下生物炭、游离菌和生物炭负载菌对 Cd（Ⅱ）的去除效率，发现稻壳生物炭负载菌株处理 7 d 后对 20 mg·L^–1 Cd（Ⅱ）的去除效率可达 91.50%，较游离菌和单独生物炭处理分别提高 23.27%和 63.71%。【结论】表征分析和实验结果表明，生物炭负载显著增强了菌株对环境变化的适应性和重金属耐受性。本研究为重金属污染修复提供了新的技术思路。

Abstract

[Objective] Among heavy metal remediation methods, bacterial remediation is a relatively clean, efficient, and low-impact approach. However, bacterial preparations are affected by environmental interference, competition from indigenous microorganisms, and the high toxicity of heavy metals during actual remediation, resulting in difficulty in achieving long-term and stable remediation effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable carrier materials to improve the remediation efficiency of strains. [Method] Cadmium-tolerant functional strains were isolated from cadmium-contaminated mining soil. Different remediation conditions were set to explore the effect of biochar-loaded functional bacteria on combined cadmium remediation, and then the optimal remediation conditions were re-screened out. Finally, through characterization analysis and kinetic analysis of various properties of the strains and biochar, the mechanism of microbial-biochar synergistic mineralization for cadmium remediation was revealed. [Result] A Cd-tolerant strain S3 was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soil of a mining area in Anhui Province and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rRNA sequencing. The strain was loaded onto biochar, and the Cd(Ⅱ) removal efficiency of biochar, free bacteria, and biochar-loaded bacteria was compared under different remediation conditions. The results showed that the rice husk biochar-loaded strain achieved a Cd removal efficiency of 91.50% for 20 mg·L^–1 Cd(Ⅱ) after 7 days of treatment, which was 23.27% and 63.71% higher than that of free bacteria and biochar alone, respectively. [Conclusion] Characterization analysis and experimental results indicate that biochar loading significantly enhances the adaptability of strains to environmental changes and their tolerance to heavy metals. This study provides a novel technical approach for heavy metal pollution remediation. Future research can focus on the modified optimization of biochar, genetic engineering transformation of functional strains, and the combined application of the composite system with phytoremediation to further improve remediation efficiency and ecological safety.

关键词

矿化细菌 / 生物炭 / 生物炭负载菌材料 / 镉修复 / 机理分析

Key words

mineralizing bacteria / biochar / biochar-loaded bacterial material / cadmium remediation / mechanism analysis

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42072201)

安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-017)

安徽省地质矿产局 321 地质队科技攻关项目(K160139400)