水生植物耦合微生物去除抗生素的协同机制与应用进展

Synergistic mechanisms and application progress in antibiotic removal by aquatic plant–microorganism coupled systems

摘要

【意义】抗生素作为新兴污染物在水环境中被频繁检出，其低浓度、复合型及长期存在对生态系统和人体健康构成潜在风险，亟需开发高效、稳定且生态安全的去除技术。【进展】传统物理、化学及单一植物或生物处理技术在实际应用中存在运行成本高、稳定性不足或难以兼顾抗性风险控制等局限。水生植物-微生物互作体系通过植物吸收富集、根际滞留及微生物代谢转化的协同作用，为水体抗生素污染治理提供了可持续的解决方案。本文结合水体抗生素污染现状，系统综述了水生植物-微生物复合体系的构成及其协同去除抗生素的作用机制，并总结了该体系在湖泊、水库、河道修复等场景中对不同种类抗生素的去除效能与应用特征。【展望】现有研究表明，该体系对低浓度、长期暴露的抗生素污染具有良好的削减能力与运行稳定性，可为抗生素污染水体的生态修复与工程化应用提供技术支撑与实践参考。

Abstract

[Significance] Antibiotics, as emerging contaminants, are frequently detected in aquatic environments. Their low concentrations, complex mixtures, and persistent presence pose potential risks to ecosystems and human health. There is an urgent need to develop removal technologies that are efficient, stable, and ecologically safe. [Progress] Conventional physical, chemical, and single plant- or microbial-based treatment methods have limitations in practical applications, such as high operational costs, insufficient stability, or inadequate control of resistance risks. In contrast, aquatic plant–microorganism coupled systems provide a sustainable solution for remediating antibiotic-contaminated water bodies through the synergistic actions of plant uptake and accumulation, rhizosphere retention, and microbial metabolic transformation. Based on the current status of antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments, this review systematically summarizes the composition of aquatic plant–microorganism coupled systems and their synergistic mechanisms for antibiotic removal. Furthermore, it reviews the removal efficiency and application characteristics of these systems for different types of antibiotics across various scenarios, including lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. [Prospect] Numerous studies have demonstrated that these systems exhibit promising removal capacity and operational stability under long-term exposure to low concentration antibiotics, providing technical support and practical guidance for optimizing and engineering ecological remediation technologies for antibiotic-contaminated water bodies.

关键词

抗生素去除 / 水生植物 / 微生物 / 协同机制 / 生态修复

Key words

antibiotic removal / aquatic plants / microorganisms / synergistic mechanism / ecological remediation

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基金资助

水灾害防御全国重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金面上项目(2023491411)

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41601203，52409001)

国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3205705)

产学研项目(HYB20250192)

科技创新平台重大科技项目(S202305a12020039)

安徽省大学生创新创业训练项目(S202510878097，S202510878088)

安徽建筑大学大学生创新创业训练项目(J202510878238)