淋巴造血系统疾病患者染色体核型异常谱、疾病关联性及高频基因突变的特征
杨飞城 , 胡洁 , 胡庆 , 李艳春 , 刘潇 , 谭夏明
中山大学学报(医学科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 306 -314.
淋巴造血系统疾病患者染色体核型异常谱、疾病关联性及高频基因突变的特征
The Abnormal Karyotype Spectrum, Disease Correlation and Characteristics of High-frequency Gene Mutations in Patients with Lymphohematopoietic System Diseases
目的 分析湖南地区淋巴造血系统疾病染色体变异情况及疾病谱特征。 方法 采用横断面研究设计,收集2021年1月至2025年7月于湖南省人民医院行骨髓染色体核型分析的548例淋巴造血系统疾病患者临床资料,采用G显带技术检测骨髓染色体核型,参照《人类细胞遗传学命名国际体制(ISCN)2024》标准判定染色体数目及结构异常。采用回顾性统计分析方法,将核型异常数据与骨髓增生异常综合征、急慢性白血病等疾病表型进行关联,统计变异类型、频次及重现性特征,明确核型与疾病表型的关联性。 结果 548例完成骨髓染色体核型分析的患者中,127例存在染色体异常(男84例、女43例,平均58.26岁)。常染色体异常者中,64例检出易位(共67条突变),t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)(22例)、t(15;17)(q24;q21)(10例)为高频易位;Chr9、15等为高频变异染色体,另有29例缺失/重复等复杂突变,+8为常见类型。性染色体异常共27例:7例X异常(嵌合体2例),20例Y缺失(45,X,-Y/46,XY嵌合体7例)。核型-疾病关联显示:急性白血病中t(9;22)检出9次,慢性粒细胞白血病中该核型检出8次;+8、-Y等与多类血液病相关,且相同核型可对应多种疾病表型。 结论 淋巴造血系统疾病患者的染色体高频异常与核型-疾病关联,为其精准诊疗提供了依据。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of chromosomal variations and disease spectrum in patients with lymphohematopoietic system diseases in Hunan region. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting clinical data of 548 patients with lymphohematopoietic system diseases who underwent bone marrow chromosome karyotype analysis at Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to July 2025. G-banding technique was used to detect bone marrow chromosome karyotypes, and chromosome number and structural abnormalities were determined in accordance with the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN) 2024. Retrospective statistical analysis was performed to correlate karyotype abnormality data with disease phenotypes such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute/chronic leukemia. Classification of the types, frequencies, and reproducibility of variations was calculated to clarify the correlation between karyotypes and disease phenotypes. Results Among the 548 patients who completed bone marrow chromosome karyotype analysis, 127 had chromosomal abnormalities (84 males and 43 females, mean age 58.26 years). Among patients with autosomal abnormalities, 64 cases were detected with translocations (a total of 67 mutations), with t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) (22 cases) and t(15;17)(q24;q21) (10 cases) as high-frequency translocations. Chromosomes 9, 15, etc. were high-frequency variant chromosomes, and 29 cases had complex mutations such as deletions/duplications, with +8 being the common type. There were 27 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities: 7 cases of X chromosome abnormalities (2 cases of chimerism) and 20 cases of Y chromosome deletions (7 cases of 45,X,-Y/46,XY chimerism). Karyotype-disease correlation showed that t(9;22) was detected 9 times in acute leukemia and 8 times in chronic myeloid leukemia; +8, -Y, etc. were associated with multiple types of hematological diseases, and the same karyotype could correspond to multiple disease phenotypes. Conclusion The high-frequency chromosomal abnormalities, karyotype-disease correlations, and high-frequency NGS genes in patients with lymphohematopoietic system diseases, providing a basis for their precise diagnosis and treatment.
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湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ60591)
湖南省人民医院青年博士基金(暨 2023 年国自培育项目)(BSJJ202218)
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