黄芪秸秆基质优化应用对马铃薯原原种产量效益的影响

Influence of Astragalus Straw Substrate Optimization on the Yield and Benefit in Mini-tuber Production

摘要

农业废弃物资源化再利用是现代绿色农业发展的重要部分。为筛选适宜陇中地区马铃薯原原种生长的新型栽培基质，以黄芪秸秆与草炭土、蛭石、椰糠基质的不同配制比为基础设置9个处理组，对不同复配基质基础理化性质进行检测，同时测定复配基质对马铃薯脱毒苗株高、茎粗及结薯数量的影响。10%黄芪秸秆+50%草炭土+40%椰糠处理下，脱毒苗平均株高和茎粗在生育期内最高，结薯数最多为605.00个/0.6 m²，较蛭石和椰糠分别高62.63%和34.05%，与对照处理（蛭石和椰糠处理）差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），2~<5、5~<10、10~20 g级别块茎数量最多，产投比较纯蛭石组增加58.91%。生产中建议采用10%黄芪秸秆+50%草炭土+40%椰糠作为新型栽培基质以提高马铃薯原原种产量及经济效益。

Abstract

The reuse of agricultural waste resources has become an important part of the development of modern green agriculture. In order to select a new type of culture substrate suitable for the production of mini-tuber in Longzhong region, the experiment involved the establishment of nine treatment groups based on varying proportions of Astragalus straw, turfy soil, vermiculite, and coconut bran matrix. The physicochemical properties of the different compound matrices were analyzed, and their impact on plant height, stem diameter, and mini-tuber yield was evaluated. The plant height and stem diameter of virus-free seedlings cultured on a mixture containing 10% Astragalus straw, 50% turfy soil, and 40% coconut bran exhibited the highest value throughout the entire growth period, and the number of mini-tuber reached 605.00/0.6 m², which increased by 62.63% and 34.05% compared to the two controls, vermiculite and coconut bran, respectively. These differences were statistically significant when compared to the control treatments (P<0.05). In this treatment, the highest number of mini-tuber was observed in the weight ranges of 2-<5 g, 5-<10 g, and 10-20 g. Compared to vermiculite used only, this treatment resulted in an increase in input-output ratio by 58.91%. Therefore, a mixture containing 10% Astragalus straw, 50% turfy soil and 40% coconut bran could be used as a new cultivation substrate to improve the yield and economic benefit in mini-tuber production.

关键词

栽培基质 / 黄芪秸秆 / 原原种 / 产量

Key words

cultivation substrate / Astragalus straw / mini-tuber / yield

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基金资助

甘肃省技术创新引导计划-农业类(22CX8NJ153)

定西市重点技术攻关专项(DX2022BZ38)

甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA1414)

甘肃省陇原青年英才专项资金

甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFNJ0005)

定西市科技计划资助项目(DX2023AY06)

甘肃省科技重大专项(23ZDNA006)

科技特派员（基地）专项(23CXNJ0017)